Index to The Study Materials

The index is to the introductions, annotations, and essays, not to the biblical text. It therefore refers not to biblical citations but to page numbers.

A

Aaron, 88, 90–91, 106, 126, 131, 158, 192, 217, 222, 1475, 1761; see also priesthood

appointment of, 90–91

descendants of, 146, 153

in holy of holies, 169–70

Moses and, 208, 210, 869

plagues and, 91–92

priesthood of, 216–18, 1539–40, 1671

sin of, 221–22

sons’ illicit ritual, 155, 157–58

Aaronide priests, 279–80, 594, 611, 616, 1671; see also priests

Abel, 17–18, 1462–63, 1892, 2191

Abiathar, 410, 440–41, 465–66, 495–96, 499, 604, 606, 1071

Abigail, 443–44

Abijam (Abijah), 524, 641–42

Abimelech, 39–41, 47, 376–79

Abishag, 495, 499

Abner, 454, 456–59, 490, 498

abomination, 916, 1266, 1268, 1272, 1365

Abraham, 8, 26, 45, 403, 869, 1018–19, 1539, 1767, 1967–68, 2082, 2083, 2091, 2160, 2260; see also Sarah

Abimelech and, 39–41

Akedah and, 41–42, 2265

blessing of, 48–49, 60, 66, 77

circumcision of, 10, 34, 2018

covenant of, 32–34, 80, 90, 297–98, 1034, 1045, 1539

descendants of, 9, 63, 586

family burial plot of, 42–43

hospitality of, 35, 37

Isaac compared with, 47, 2262

Jesus and, 1783, 1935

Lot and, 30–31

migration of, 1414, 1416

promises to, 9–10, 27, 29, 34, 74–75, 1048–49, 2018, 2025, 2077–78

righteousness of, 32, 36, 1463, 2017–18

Sodom and Gomorrah and, 36–37

Abram, 34, 586, 603

Abravanel, Don Isaac, 2266

Absalom, 56, 470–81

abundance, 1953, 2070

accusation, 980, 1073, 2065–66, 2068–69, 2074

Achan, 331–33, 335

Achior, 1414, 1416–17, 1426

Achish, 446–47, 448

acrostics, 1336

in Lamentations, 1147, 1163, 1168–69

in Proverbs, 943–44

in psalms, 789, 801–2, 808–9, 811, 876, 880–81, 899

on Wisdom, 1548–49

Acts of Paul and Thecla, 2125

Acts of the Apostles, 1865, 1955–2007, 2111, 2139

“we” passages in, 1955, 1957, 1986–87, 1994–96, 2004, 2007

Adam, 14, 403, 585, 1462, 1713, 1723, 2102, 2273

Christ compared to, 2019–20, 2260

descendants of, 16, 18–19, 2057–58

Additions to Daniel, 1556

Additions to the Book of Esther, 1431–32

admonitions, 913, 1359, 2041

Adonijah, 495–99

adoptionist Christology, 1961, 2091

adult circumcision, 58–59

adultery, 108–9, 112, 765, 909, 914–15, 1177, 1491, 1789, 2169, 2209; see also sexual offenses

as capital offense, 287, 914

unfaithful wife allegory, 1194–96, 1275–79

universalization of, 260–61

advocate, 1943–45, 2189

African Americans, 2285–86

Against Heresies (Irenaeus), 2268

age, 18–19, 767, 909, 954, 1066

agricultural festivals, 116–17, 1278

agriculture, 22, 958, 1291, 2301

Agur, 941–42

Ahab, 527, 529–31, 533–38, 543, 989, 2294

Ahasuerus (Xerxes I), 681, 727, 1266, 1433, 1440–41, 1577, 1626

Haman and, 715–16, 720, 722–25

Mordecai and, 1436, 1442–44, 1446

Vashti and, 717–18, 1434–35

Ahaz, 539, 563–64, 658–59

in Isaiah, 989–91, 1002, 1026, 1030

Ahaziah, 538, 540–41, 551–54, 651–52

Ahijah, 518, 522–23

Ahikar, 1390, 1407

Ahimelech, 438, 440

Ahithophel, 476–79

Akedah, 41–42, 2262, 2265

Alcimus, 1600, 1605–6, 1654–56

Alexander Epiphanes, 1606–11

Alexander the Great, 1254, 1265, 1270, 1382, 1444, 1581–83, 1692, 2248

Alexandria, Egypt, 2268–69

Alexandrian canon, 2236

Alexandrian tradition, 2245

aliens, 100, 627, 1158–59, 1239, 1245

resident, 251, 268, 277, 289

allegories, 961, 1206–9, 2085, 2260, 2264, 2267–69

fable of eagles, 1197–98

of unfaithful wife, 1194–96, 1275–79

alliances, 644, 646, 655, 989, 1001, 1005, 1195, 1288, 1411, 1603, 1614

with Egypt, 1006–7, 1021, 1027, 1289–90, 2295

trust compared to, 1019–21, 1031, 1073, 1206–7

almsgiving, 1394, 1404, 1485, 1495–96, 1518, 1790, 2001

altar(s), 117, 122–23, 127–28, 146, 372–73, 425, 564, 1101, 1238

for ark of the covenant, 127–28, 138, 193

atonement and, 1238–39

rebuilding of, 679–80

for sacrifice, 294, 410, 1234–35

in Second Temple, 1627–28, 1673

as witness, 354–55

Alter, Robert, 2280–81

Amalek, 107

Amalekites, 212, 292, 362, 428–29, 449, 454–55, 720, 1434

Amasa, 481–84

Amaziah (king), 560–61, 655–56

Amaziah (priest), 1299, 1310–11

ambidextrous, 393

Amen, 197–98

American Bible Society, 2253–54

American Standard Version, 2252

Amidah, 1686

Ammon, 252–54, 465, 611–12, 1149–50, 1302

Ammonites, 381–82, 421–23, 688, 1138, 1205, 1595, 2293

David against, 466–67, 470

Amnon, 471–73

Amon (king), 574, 668

Amon (sun god), 1145–46

Amorites, 221, 223–24, 336–37, 363, 485, 1303

Amos, 1296–97

Amos, Book of, 1299–1313

Anakim, 340, 343

Anakites, 211, 362

Ananias, 1965, 1998, 1999

ancestors, 219, 251, 259, 293, 1358, 1490, 1538, 1545, 1592, 1666, 1703

of Abraham, 26–27

of David, 66, 73, 78

language of, 1639

ancient Near East, 971–72

ancient Near East and Israel

beginnings of, 2289–90

Divided Monarchy in, 2294–95

early Israel history in Canaan, 2292–93

Exodus historicity and, 2291–92

Genesis historicity and, 2290–91

Kingdom of Judah end in, 2295

to mid‐first millennium BCE, 2289–95

prophecy in, 971–72

United Monarchy in, 2293–94

Andrew of St. Victor, 2271

angels, 86, 330, 363, 372, 383–84, 540, 571, 739, 810, 1256, 1264, 1816, 2222; see also cherubim

in 2 Esdras, 1715–20, 1723–31, 1733–35, 1739

in 2 Maccabees, 1647

in Acts, 1958, 1975, 1978

at Akedah, 2262

authenticity of, 2078

Balaam and, 226

of churches, 2206–7

of death, 1029

in divine court, 768–69

dragon against, 2218–19

flight of, 1268

giants from, 2051

God as, 33, 40

as gods, 104

Jesus compared to, 2149

John the Baptist and, 1867

on judgment, 2221

Lot and, 37–38

misfortunes and, 491, 768–69, 859, 1702

in prison, 1966

of protection, 1569

punishment and, 739–40

Revelations to John and, 2205, 2230

sacred tree and, 371

stairway of Jacob and, 50–51

at tomb, 1862, 1914, 1951

of wisdom, 474

worship of, 2108–9

anger, 921, 932, 1255, 1336, 1753, 2167; see also wrath

Anglican Bible, 2239

animal corpses, 160–61

animals, 12, 14, 94, 775–77, 1079, 1088, 1220, 1471, 1722, 1725; see also beasts

blood from, 171, 427

sacrifice of, 20–21, 125–26, 178, 219, 276, 414, 1232

unclean, 20–21, 100, 160, 920, 1838, 1884, 1975

wild, 1225, 1350–51, 1562

Annas II, 1853, 1872, 1948

annunciation, 1867–68, 1870

Anointed, the, 869, 1540; see also Messiah

anointing, 126, 153, 156, 408, 430, 488, 553, 819

of Jesus, 1857, 1862, 1881–82, 1940

of Saul, 418–21, 442

of Solomon, 496–97

anthropology, 2278, 2283–84, 2301

anthropomorphic God, 5

antichrist, 2121, 2188, 2195, 2196

Antioch, 1632–33, 1781, 1977–80, 1982–83, 2269

Antiochus III, 1270–71, 1479, 1602, 1645, 1692, 2299

Antiochus IV Epiphanes, 1263–65, 1382, 1413, 1590–91, 1626, 1632–34, 1643, 2299

in 2 Maccabees, 1631–32

abomination and, 1266, 1268, 1272

death of, 1597–98, 1627, 1645, 1739

decree of, 1585–86, 1758–59

against Egypt, 1271–72, 1583–84, 1635–36

Jerusalem capture by, 1584, 1636

Second Temple desecration by, 1249, 1268, 1582, 1585, 1593–94, 1635–36, 1692–93

vow of, 1644–45

Antiochus V Eupator, 1591, 1598, 1643, 1646, 1648, 1653

Antiochus VI, 1613–14, 1617

Antiochus VII Sidetes, 1621–23

antitheses, 1789–90

Apocalypse. See Revelation to John

Apocalypse of Zephaniah, 1347

apocalyptic imagery, 1229–32, 1454, 1708, 1818, 1830, 1836

in 2 Esdras, 1720–21, 1723–24, 1731–32

in 2 Thessalonians, 2119–21

in Daniel, 1229–32, 1249–50, 1263–70

in Esther, 1432–33

in Isaiah, 1011–15

apocalypticism, 1177

apocalyptic prophetic books, 974–75

Apocrypha, 1250, 1379, 1383, 2249; see also canon(s)

in Christianity, 1380–82

in Judaism, 1384–85

textual criticism of, 2244–45

Apollonius, 1590, 1609–10

Apollos, 1992, 2035–37, 2040–41, 2058, 2142

apostasy, 115, 273, 866–67, 1073, 1147–48; see also Maccabees, First

apostle(s), 1878, 1959, 1978, 1982, 1986, 2040, 2066, 2078, 2115; see also disciples

false, 2061, 2073

legitimacy of, 2047–48

Paul as, 1959, 2062, 2072, 2077, 2079–81

women as, 2033–34

apostolic council, 1381, 1707, 1957, 2267, 2272

apostolic decree, 1956, 1984

appendix, 258, 357, 485, 1001

Aquila, 1990, 2137

Aquinas, Thomas, 2271

Arabia, 1008, 1611

Arab tribes, 1151–52

Aram, 533–34

Aramaic, 296, 569, 681, 1027, 1249, 1658, 1959

Hebrew Bible in, 2244, 2247–48, 2261–62

Arameans, 55, 466–67, 546–49, 1130, 2293

archaeology, 319, 322, 527, 678, 2277

Aristeas, Letter of, 2249, 2298

Aristotle, 1754, 1767

Ark Narrative, 411–15, 462–65

ark of the covenant, 107, 497

altars for, 127–28, 138, 193

cloud and, 142, 510–11

courtyard for, 122–23, 138

David and, 604, 606–7

Davidic dynasty and, 890–91

dedication of, 155–56

God within, 135, 141–42

to Jerusalem, 462–63

materials for, 119, 135–36, 139

Philistines and, 412–14, 848

purification of, 168–70

purpose of, 118–19, 140–41

structure of, 120–22, 136

table in, 120–21, 137

in Temple of Solomon, 507, 630, 670, 1028, 1076, 1167

aromatics, 963

Arphaxad, 1410–11

arrests, 1963–64, 1966, 1997

of Jeremiah, 1083, 1125, 1132–34

of Jesus, 1822–23, 1856–59, 1909, 1911, 1947–48

arrogance, 825, 1001, 1146–47, 1185–86, 1492; see also pride

art, visual, 2269–70

Artaxerxes, 681–82, 684, 1665–66, 1676

Ezra and, 686, 1677–78

Nehemiah and, 693, 695

Asa, 524–25, 642–45, 1138–39

Asaph, 823–24

ascension, 541–42

of Ezra, 1729–30, 1742, 1744

asceticism, 2128

Asher, 311, 349, 596

Asherah, 133, 264, 364, 530, 567, 573, 1101, 1280

Asia, 1746

Asia Minor, 1986, 2062–63

Asmodeus, 1393, 1400

assassination, 719–20, 1282–83

assembly, 347, 621, 638–39, 691–92

Assyria, 680–81

Assyrians, 248, 318–19, 523, 527, 564–70, 707, 1331, 2294–95; see also Judith, Book of; Sennacherib

deportations by, 984

Egypt compared to, 1219–20

Hezekiah and, 567–72

in Isaiah, 977–78, 994–97, 1001, 1005, 1007–9, 1015–17, 1026–29, 1031

Nahum and, 1335, 1337–40

Assyrian stele, 556

Astarte, 516, 1084, 1652

astrology, 2305

Astruc, Jean, 2274–75

Athanasius, 2239, 2241

Athanasius of Alexandria, 315, 2181, 2199

Athens, 1989–90

atonement, 131, 146, 152, 284, 1238–39, 1525, 1638; see also Day of Atonement; sacrifice

Augustine, 1449, 2189, 2268–69

Augustus, 1777, 1784

authenticity, 2078, 2113

authority, 690–91, 955, 959, 1419, 2209, 2217, 2239

of Jesus, 1789, 1835, 1852, 1906, 1928, 1934–35

of Paul, 2071, 2078–79

submission to, 2030, 2141

avenger, 244–45, 473–74

Azariah (prophet), 643–44

Azariah (Uzziah), 561–62, 656–57, 1276

Azariah, Prayer of, 1384, 1565, 1567–71

B

Baal, 102, 311, 364, 456, 462, 527, 557, 1278

Elijah against, 528–32, 540–41, 555

Baal‐peor, 229–30, 237

Baasha, 523, 554, 644

babbler, 1989

Babel, tower of, 6, 9, 25–26, 36, 2263

Babylon, 1113–14, 2295

assaults on, 1153–56

destruction of, 1157–59

gods of, 1042–44

oracle on, 998–99, 1152, 1159

peace for, 1118–19

Rome as, 1707, 1714, 1746, 2173, 2179, 2221

vengeance against, 1157–58

Babylonia, 18–19, 1342

Babylonian exile, 301, 493–94, 512, 872–73, 1069, 1106, 1123, 1136, 1140, 1159–60, 1175, 1743

continuity from, 598

Daniel and, 1250

evidence of, 2295–96 (see also Ezekiel, Book of)

Genesis and, 8

Isaiah and, 572–73, 972, 977, 1037

Israel as, 1189–90

Jeremiah and, 1559–60

of Judah, 672–74

king's court in, 1250–51

Kings on, 580–81

Manasseh (king) in, 1685

Pentateuch redaction during, 6

prophets in, 1118–19

return from, 675–76

sovereignty of, 1116–19

Susannah in, 1573–76

Babylonian Talmud, 405, 2264

Bacchides, 1604–6, 1618, 1654

Balaam, story of, 225–28, 2200–2201, 2208

Balak, 225–27

banquet, 800, 1013, 1434–35

baptism, 2096, 2141; see also John the Baptist

into Christ, 2083–84

of dead, 2057

of eunuchs, 1972

Holy Spirit related to, 1959–62

of Jesus, 1786, 1831, 1873

of repentance, 1872

Barabbas, 1824, 1860, 1912

Barak, 367–69

Bar Kokhba, 229

Barnabas, 1965, 1974, 1977–78, 1986

barrenness, 27, 383–84, 545, 1052, 1454, 1733, 1867

of Hannah, 406–8

Barth, Karl, 2011

Baruch, 1069–70, 1131, 1143, 1552

in 2 Esdras, 1710–11

Jeremiah and, 1139, 1551, 1559

Baruch, Book of, 1384, 1551–58

Barzillai, 482–83, 498, 1672

Bathsheba, 64–65, 453, 499

David and, 467–68, 477–78, 496–97, 602, 612

Bayle, Pierre, 2273

beards, 467

beasts, 1263–64

in Revelation, 2215, 2219–21, 2223–24, 2226–27

beatitudes, 910, 1406, 1788, 1879

beauty, 907, 962

Bede, Venerable, 2270

Bedouins, 2282

Beelzebul, 1891

Beer‐sheba, 41, 74, 2289

Behemoth (“animal”), 777–78, 1722

Bel and the Dragon, 1157–58, 1341, 1383, 1565, 1577–80

belief, 1927, 1936, 1943

in Christ, 2012

hospitality related to, 2197–98

of Pharisees, 1984, 2102

about souls, 2056

speaking in tongues and, 2055

water related to, 1933

believers, 2006, 2122

Beloved Disciple, 1917–18, 1942–43, 1950–51, 1953

Belshazzar, 1259–63, 1552

ben Amoz, Isaiah. See Isaiah

benediction, 1705; see also blessing(s)

benevolence, 1696–97

Ben‐Hadad, 549, 551, 645

Benjamin, 60, 70–72, 367, 595–97

Benjamin (tribe), 348, 391, 393–96, 577, 1317, 1665

Bereshit (in the beginning), 7

Bethel, 50–51, 54, 60, 333–34, 394, 566

Amos and, 1299, 1305

apostasy in, 1147–48

Bethlehem, 1325, 1784; see also Ruth

Beth‐zur, 1599, 1647–48, 1653

betrayal, 827; see also Judas

betrothal, 1870

Bezalel, 136

Bible, 2236, 2287–89; see also Hebrew Bible; New Testament; Torah

biblical interpretation, 961; see also Christian premodern Bible interpretation; Jewish premodern bible interpretation

nineteenth to mid‐twentieth centuries, 2274–80

by Paul, 2260–61

biblical poetry, 730–32

biblical study methods, contemporary

cultural hermeneutics in, 2284–87

literary approaches in, 2280–82

postcritical interpretation in, 2286–87

reader‐response criticism in, 2281–82

rhetorical criticism in, 2280

social‐scientific criticism in, 2282–84

structuralism in, 2281

Bildad, 742–43, 752, 755, 760

biographies, 1777–78, 1781–82

birds, 12, 852, 859, 887, 1081, 1361

doves, 21–22, 843, 967, 1283

eagles, 1178, 1197–98, 1736, 2215

birthright, 47, 49–50, 590–91

bishops, qualifications for, 2127

black, as color, 2212

blasphemers, 180–81, 665–66, 769, 2126

Jesus as, 1794, 1859, 1877, 1928

blasphemy, 1893, 1983

blessing(s), 22, 48–50, 158, 925, 1109, 1287, 2091

of Abraham, 48–49, 60, 66, 77

curse and, 2154, 2169

death as, 1764–65

to disciples, 1946–47

of earth, 1012–13

for forgiveness, 866–67

for Jacob, 48–49, 60

from Jacob, 77–78

of Moses, 158, 303, 309–11

from Paul, 2062–63, 2088

peace as, 642–45, 653

plagues compared to, 1450–51

priestly, 199, 806, 835

in psalms, 816, 841, 858, 872, 891–92

of suffering, 740, 2134

blind man, 2257–58

blindness, 297, 548–49, 1368, 1390–91, 2003

healing of, 1812, 1814, 1845, 1851, 1904

as metaphor for religious insensitivity, 1018–19, 1025–26, 1036–37

blood, 92, 98, 126, 171, 219, 829, 1858, 1931; see also menstruation

from animals, 171, 427

as first plague in Egypt, 92

of Lamb, 2214

in sacrifices, 146, 149

wine related to, 2221–22

blood offerings, 793

boasting, 1441, 1696, 2019, 2043, 2048, 2062, 2071–73

Boaz, 397–98, 400–403

Bodenstein, Andreas, 1381

body, 1462, 2043, 2057, 2066, 2107, 2200

society as, 2052–53

bodyguards, 1667–69

body language, 913, 926

boils, as sixth plague in Egypt, 94

Book of Comfort, 1114, 1120–24, 1127–28

Book of Consolation, 1070

book of law, 574, 576, 645, 669, 705

book of life, 1273, 2220, 2228

Book of the Consolation of Israel. See Second Isaiah

Book of the Covenant. See Covenant Collection

Book of the Teaching, 302–3

Book of the Twelve, 1275, 1299, 1315

Book of Wisdom. See Wisdom of Solomon

Books of Solomon, 905

booths, festival of, 117, 179–80, 2255; see also Succoth

in postexilic Jerusalem, 235, 704–5

boundaries, 241, 243–44, 286, 924, 1244–45

Bow, Song of the, 455

bowing, 720

bread, 180, 420, 944, 1930

of the Presence, 121, 510, 1584, 1834

breast, 968

breastpiece, 124–25

breath, of God, 959, 1533

bribes, 723, 926

bride capture, 395–96

bridegroom, 1795, 1820, 1877–78, 1925

brides, 1460, 1693, 2096, 2228

bridewealth, 115, 287–88, 435

Broad Wall, 697

bronze serpent, 223

brothers, 13, 1761–72, 1826, 2106, 2144; see also Abel

of Joseph, 62–64, 69–73, 76–80, 1463

builder, 1061, 2040

building, 504–7, 773–74

of universe, 867–68

burials, 42–43, 357, 1390–91, 1529, 1563

of Jacob, 79–80, 1968

of Jesus, 1826, 1861–62, 1914, 1940, 1951

burning bush, 86

burnt offerings, 145–47, 152, 1332

business, 911, 919, 1213–14, 1515

friends related to, 2104, 2134–44

trades, 620, 634, 1530–31, 2302–3, 2305

Byzantine text, 2245

C

Caesar Augustus (Octavian), 1870

Caesarea, 1999–2001

Caesarea Maritima, 2303, 2305

Caesarea Philippi, 1806, 1845

Caiaphas, 1821, 1853, 1859, 1939, 1948

Cain, 17–18, 588, 1462–63, 2191

Cajetan, Cardinal, 2273

Caleb, 210–11, 339, 343–45, 350, 362, 587–88, 2152

Calebites, 443

calendar, 97, 178–80, 276–77, 1537, 2300

calf, golden, 130–31, 866

Caligula, 1691, 1693

Calvin, John, 2272–73

Calvinist Bible, 2239

Cambyses, 1666

Canaan, 30, 33, 213, 224, 688, 868, 1000–1001, 2290, 2292–93

conquest of, 3, 319, 322, 324–25

gods of, 516, 577, 1126

Judah against, 360, 362–63

northern campaign for, 339–40

punishment of, 1465–66

scouts, 209–11, 251–52

Shem and, 30–31

slavery in, 346–47

southern campaign in, 335–37

Canaan (Noah's son), 24–25

Canaanite woman, 1805

cannibalism, 210, 549, 1168, 1183

canon(s), 7, 81, 971, 1382, 1383–85, 1431, 2254, 2286

Council of Trent and, 1381, 1707

in Eastern Orthodox Church, 1379–80, 2239

of LXX, 2238–39

of New Testament, 2235, 2239–41

of Old Testament, 2235–38

in Roman Catholic Church, 1379–81, 2237, 2239

Canticles. See Song of Solomon

Capernaum, 1787, 1794–95, 1831–32, 1875, 2303

capital offenses, 287, 914, 2264

capital punishment, 1704

Cardenal, Ernesto, 2284

cedar trees, 504–5, 508, 637, 983, 1032–33, 1060, 1219–20, 1344

celibacy, 2044–46

Cendebaeus, 1623–24

censers, 215–16

census, 128, 189–91, 230–31, 627, 710

of David, 490–91, 619

of Levites, 190, 193–95, 232

centurion, 1793, 1880

ceremonies, 32, 293–95, 2255; see also dedication(s); rituals

Cerinthus, 2188

Chaldea. See Babylon

chaos, 360, 821, 1025, 1033, 1078, 1216, 1230

city of, 1011–12

conquest of, 856–57, 860

chariots, 542, 1236

visions of, 1178–79, 1186, 1188, 1362

charisma, 2178

chastity, 1393–94, 1400, 1772

Chemosh, 224, 382, 544

cherubim, 412, 462, 487, 507, 1178, 1215–16

on tabernacle, 120–22, 202, 1569

chiastic inclusio, 296

chiefdom, 2283

chief priest, 1161, 1782; see also high priests

childbirth, 1014, 1036, 1066–67, 1561, 1946, 2117, 2127

distress of, 999, 1120

end‐time and, 1717, 1818

impurity rules on, 161–62

pains of, 1095–96

children, 25, 549, 1076, 1098, 1167, 1171–72, 1276–77, 1499, 1514, 1519, 1534

babies, 501–2

death and, 84, 736–37, 752

of exile, 1047, 1327

fathers and, 37, 2096

gender of, 1507–8

of God, 1456, 1748, 2084, 2191

of intermarriage, 690, 692, 1681–82

Jesus and, 1810, 1848–49, 1887, 1903

in Revelation, 2218–19

sacrifice of, 116, 172, 272, 871, 1056, 1085, 1202, 1231

shame and, 1507–8

sons, 888–89

twins, 65–66

weaning of, 890, 990

chosen, 264, 621, 1304, 1856, 2015

Christ, 42, 2012, 2024, 2027–28, 2049, 2069, 2081, 2099, 2101–3, 2105, 2107; see also Jesus

Adam compared to, 2019–20, 2260

as advocate, 2189

baptism into, 2083–84

children of God through, 2084

church as body of, 2043

doubt about Second Coming of, 2181–82, 2184–85

early Christian church compared to, 2174

faith in, 2105–6, 2159

false teaching and Second Coming of, 2183–85

God as, 2141

identification with, 2081–82

life in, 2020–21

meaning of, 2037

Paul in, 2061–62, 2100

sacrifice of, 2158

sin and, 2067, 2078

spirit of, 2077–78, 2177

symbols of, 2206–7

testimony of, 2205, 2231

Christian apologetics, 2267

Christian community, 1962, 1964–65, 1978, 1983, 1987; see also early Christian church

Christianity, 10, 971, 975, 1957, 1991, 2279, 2287, 2303

Apocrypha in, 1380–82

Judaism compared to, 2267

prediction of, 1708, 1710–12

prophecies about, 2007

Torah and, 2259

Christian polemic, 2260–61

Christian practice, 2259–60

Christian premodern Bible interpretation, 2266–74

Christians, 1749, 1977, 2174, 2267–68

Jewish, 1982, 2139–40

Christmas, 2189

Christological reading, 2258–59, 2266–67

Chronicler's History, 583–85

Chronicles, Books of, 495, 583–674, 2256–57

1 Esdras and, 1661–65

similarities of, to Ezra‐Nehemiah, 317, 583, 675

Chrysostom, John, 2269

churches, 1711, 1806, 1956, 1965, 1995, 2043, 2090–91, 2096; see also early Christian church

angels of, 2206–7

divisions within, 2037–38

God and, 1957–58, 2037

unity within, 2092–93, 2102–3

Church of England, 1382

Cicero, 1753, 2038

circumcision, 88, 100, 174, 385, 435, 1221, 1583, 1585, 1710, 1871, 2032, 2108; see also uncircumcised

of Abraham, 10, 34, 2018

adult, 58–59

conversion and, 2044–45

covenant of, 34, 329–30

of Gentiles, 1976–77

of heart, 301, 1969

law of, 3, 2008–9, 2070, 2072

Paul's view of, 2086, 2102

purification of, 161–62

Cisjordanian tribes, 322, 343, 354

cities, 484, 514, 605, 908, 944, 1000, 1043, 1121, 1153, 1798, 2303

of chaos, 1011–12

ḥerem of the, 338–39

Levitical, 244, 258, 281–82, 350, 352, 594

cities of refuge (Levitical cities), 244, 258, 281–82, 350, 352, 594

citizens, 1644–45, 2093, 2103

citizenship, 1697, 1988, 2302, 2304–5

class, 701, 2286, 2302–4

Claudius, 2009, 2011, 2302

Clement, First, 2147

Clement of Alexandria, 1918, 2268, 2269–70

Cleopatra, 1271, 1447

cleverness, 1504–5, 1507

cloth, 164, 174

clothing, 16, 214, 429, 607, 1709, 1841

sackcloth, 1422, 1557, 1631, 2217

symbolism related to, 442, 467, 2066, 2109

cloud(s), 102, 132, 204, 985, 987, 1005, 1170, 1740, 1745–46

ark of the covenant and, 142, 510–11

codex, 1387, 1778, 2240, 2242, 2245

collection for Jerusalem, 2058–59, 2061–62, 2069–71

collective sin, 1640

colonialism, 2285

colors, 1560, 1603, 2212

Colossians, Letter of Paul to, 2105–11

Columbus, Christopher, 1722

command, 1359, 2175, 2188, 2269

commandments, 3, 115, 1432, 1568, 1854; see also Decalogue; Ten Commandments

Antiochus IV Epiphanes against, 1585–86

love, 1816, 2190, 2196

against murder, 111–13

of sabbath, 112, 1102

commemoration, 108

commemorative rituals, 97

commentary, 2261

commission, 693, 695, 1179–80

commissioning, 1796, 1827, 1885, 2064–65, 2139–42

communal confession, 705

Azariah, Prayer of, as, 1567–71

communal consensus, 689–92

communal feasts, 148

communal identity, 97

communal laments, 782, 797–98, 818–19, 830–31, 842–43, 845, 848–53, 860–61, 878, 889, 894, 1063–65

communal pledge, 707–8, 712, 714

communal prayer, 705–6

communal punishment, 1198–99

communal responsibility, 1091–92

communal sharing, 2049–52, 2081, 2122

community, 301, 304, 699, 702–3, 711, 817, 1173, 1342, 1367, 1918, 2068, 2169, 2175; see also Christian community; early Christian community

exhortation for, 2170–71

fasting by, 721

holiness in, 2189

impurity of, 1355

Jesus on, 1808

for steadfastness, 1766–67

of Torah, 1683–1884

companions, 896–97; see also friends

compassion, 858, 1122, 1323, 1502, 1766, 1795–96, 1866

complaints, 205–6, 1074, 1342–43

of Jeremiah, 1092–93, 1098–99, 1101–6

conception, 745

concubine, 377, 392, 457, 483

confession, 151, 896, 1059, 1456, 1552–53, 1694, 1806, 1886, 1892–93

communal, 705, 1567–71

forgiveness and, 870–72

confidence, 790, 812, 897, 1079–80, 2066

in God, 860–61, 886

conflict, 215–16, 353–54, 1114–31, 2036

conjugal rights, 2044

conquest, 263–64, 324, 856–57, 860

of Canaan, 3, 319, 322, 324–25

of Jerusalem, 978

love as, 965–66

conscience, 2126

consecration, 126, 406–7, 1238; see also dedication(s)

firstborn, 100–101, 1332

of priests, 125–26, 144, 155–56

consolation, 778–79, 1556–58

conspicuous consumption, 1308–9

conspiracy, 1433–34, 1436

consultation, 447–48, 1193, 1201

contamination, 162, 166; see also impurity

from corpses, 159, 219, 221, 1187–88, 1231–32, 1355, 1369, 1391, 1525

contemporary biblical study

methods. See biblical study

methods, contemporary

Contradictions (Marcion), 2131

conversion, 547, 1055, 1408, 1426, 1957, 1974–76, 1987, 2285

circumcision and, 2044–45

of Greeks, 1988–90

of Paul, 1973, 2003

Coptic Christianity, 2246

Corinth, 2035–36, 2042–44, 2139, 2303–4

Paul's mission to, 1990–91, 1994, 2035–36

Corinthians, First Letter of Paul to, 2035–59

Corinthians, Second Letter of Paul to, 2061–75

Cornelius, conversion of, 1957, 1974–76

cornerstone, 774, 880, 1815, 2093

coronation, 1362, 1949

corpses, 160–61, 285, 1390, 1563

contamination from, 159, 219, 221, 1187–88, 1231–32, 1355, 1369, 1391, 1525

corruption, 1307, 1328–29, 1520, 1732, 1845, 1903

cosmic tree, 1198, 1219

cosmology, in creation story, 257, 1345; see also creation

Council of Chalcedon, 2267

Council of Constantinople, 2267

Council of Nicaea, 2267

Council of Trent, 1381, 1707, 2272

courage, 1401, 1556, 1763–64

endurance and, 811–13, 1760–61

of women, 1769–70

Court History, 453

Court Narrative, 453

court tales, 1573, 1577; see also Daniel, Book of

Covenant Collection, 5, 2255

covenant loyalty, 264

covenant mediator, 111, 130–31, 134, 1097

covenant renewal psalm, 823–24, 850–51, 856–58

covenants, 22, 24, 55, 293, 557, 650, 652–53, 795–96, 1055–56, 1364, 2272; see also ark of the covenant; promise(s)

in 2 Maccabees, 1649

of Abraham, 32–34, 80, 90, 297–98, 1034, 1045, 1539

with ancestors, 1592

blood of, 1858

of circumcision, 34, 329–30

between David and Jonathan, 437–38

of Hezekiah, 660

with Israel, 109–18, 1373–74

of land and progeny, 184, 355–56

of Levites, 1373

of marriage, 1194, 1374

with Moses, 90, 1092

in Mount Sinai, 105

of Noah, 34

of peace, 230

priests related to, 2155

ratification of, 299–301

renewal of, 226, 266, 335, 356, 576–77, 644, 670, 1052–53, 1124, 1177

of sabbath, 129, 1055

sabbatical year, 304

of salt, 147, 218

substantiation of, 1054–55, 1354–55

time of, 2065

about unfaithfulness, 1202–3

violations of, 332–33, 1091–92, 1097, 1272, 1275, 1285–88

Coverdale, Miles, 2251–52

cows, 414

creation, 3–4, 11–15, 760, 834, 916, 999, 1722, 2290

as building, 773–74

chaos and, 1025, 1033

from nothing, 1640–41

praise of, 1531–32

renewal of, 2228–29

repentance and, 1500–1501

from speech, 1713

Temple of Solomon and, 1735–36

wisdom of, 1481–82

creative historiography, 2257, 2263–65

creative philology, 2257, 2264

creator, 1562, 1686

Crete, 2139–40

crimes, 939–40

Crispus, 1990, 2038, 2303

crocodiles, 1216

cross, 1797, 1860, 1912–13, 2038; see also crucifixion; Jesus

cross‐cultural comparisons, 2282–83

crowns, 723, 920, 1540, 1607, 2115, 2136, 2226

crucible, 926

crucifixion, 2039

in John, 1950–51

in Luke, 1913–14

in Mark, 1860–61

in Matthew, 1782, 1825

cubits, 255, 367

cultural anthropology, 2284

cultural contexts

ancient Near East and Israel, 2289–95

beginnings in, 2289–90

Canaan in, 2292–93

Divided Monarchy in, 2294–95

Exodus historicity and, 2291–92

Genesis historicity and, 2290–91

Hellenistic period in, 2297–2300

Kingdom of Judah end and, 2295

Persian period in, 2295–97

Roman period in, 2300–2306

cultural hermeneutics, 2284–87

culture, 1382, 1449, 1763, 2162, 2282–83

translations and, 2250–51

curse(s), 48, 114, 197, 389, 446, 700, 736, 738, 941, 1101, 1368, 2154, 2169

in Amos, 1310–11

as consequence of disobedience, 296–97

of enemies, 874–75

gods related to, 296–97

indictment and, 1372–73

against Jerusalem, 1332–33

of law, 2082–83

against parents, 930, 941–42

Cush (Ethiopia), 1003–5

cycles, 22

Cyrus the Great, 978, 999–1000, 1037, 1353, 1578–80

decree of return by, 673–74, 677, 683–84, 696, 702, 1665, 2296

Lord and, 1034–35, 1040–42, 1044, 1156

D

D (source of Pentateuch), 4–6

Dagon, 413, 599

Damascus, 1003–4, 1151, 1301, 1973–74, 2003

Damascus Covenant, 2263

Dan, tribe of, 78–79, 311, 350, 370, 389–90

dance, 105, 382, 396, 530, 968, 1427

danger, 29, 33, 38–39, 834, 897, 1158–59, 2040

Daniel, 1156–57, 1252, 1577–78, 1738

apocalyptic imagery in, 1229–32, 1249–50, 1263–70

handwriting on the wall in, 1259–61

in lions’ pit, 1261–62, 1579–80

Nebuchadnezzar in, 1250, 1253–60, 1568

‘in Wisdom of Solomon, 1455–56

Daniel, Additions to, 1556

Daniel, Book of, 975, 1249–73, 1556, 2299

Dante, 2270

Darius I, 675, 680, 682–84, 1353, 1666–67, 1669–70, 1675

darkness, 759, 762, 774, 912, 915, 958, 962, 1920, 1924, 2183; see also apocalyptic imagery

at death of Jesus, 1861

as ninth plague in Egypt, 96, 1473

in theophany, 1293–96

dating, 5–8, 10, 188, 2277

daughter(s), 395–96, 699, 708, 1535, 1576

Jerusalem as, 1330, 1347, 1352

virgin, 286–87, 382

of Zelophehad, 214, 231–32, 245–46, 346

Daughter Zion, 981, 985, 1043

David, 397, 403, 405–6, 469, 489–90, 600, 603–4, 605, 1756, 2272, 2293–94

Absalom and, 56, 470–81

against Ammonites, 466–67, 470

ancestors of, 66, 73, 78

anointing of, 430, 488

ark of the covenant and, 604, 606–7

Bathsheba and, 467–68, 477–78, 496–97, 602, 612

called son of Jesse, 438–39, 443

census of, 490–91, 619

death of, 497–98, 623

flight of, 56, 78, 438–41, 475–76

genealogy of, 403, 588–89

Goliath and, 318, 431–32, 434, 444, 1689

Hezekiah compared to, 663–64

Jerusalem related to, 270–71, 345, 434, 453, 460, 481–83, 600, 605

Jesus and, 1783, 2259

Jonathan and, 437–38, 485

Judah compared to, 64–65

Judas Maccabeus compared to, 1590, 1593–94

last words of, 488–89, 498

leaders from, 615–23, 630

love of, 434–35

marriages of, 432, 435, 455, 457–58, 469–70

Philistines and, 440–41, 446–49,

458, 460, 462, 465, 486, 610–13

prayer of, 610, 622–23

priests of, 616–17

promises to, 488, 511, 555–56, 609

psalms and, 607–8, 617, 733, 894–900, 1907, 1959

punishment and, 469–70, 613–14

repentance of, 612–13

Saul and, 425, 430–38, 440–49, 454

singers of, 617–18

sin of, 1542–43

Son of, 1795, 1800, 1851

succession of, 78, 495–98, 615, 621–22

Temple of Solomon and, 504, 506, 511, 614–15, 617–19, 621–22

Davidic dynasty, 463–65, 557, 580, 582, 609, 697, 796, 996, 1225, 1279, 1313, 1325, 1678

ark of the covenant and, 890–91

faithfulness to, 856–57

Israel as, 902–3, 1054

Jesus in, 1854, 1868, 1873, 1886

among kings, 360, 784

love of, 856

Messiah from, 1961

oracle on, 994–95, 1107–8

restoration of, 997

in Samuel, 498–500, 518

victory for, 875–76

in Zechariah, Book of, 1368–69

Zerubbabel in, 1353, 1356, 1360–62, 1662

Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur), 168, 235, 594, 1546, 2156–57

day of judgment, 1724–28, 1739

Day of the Lord, 1165, 1168, 1293, 1296, 1300, 1308, 1356, 1798, 1856, 1866

in Ezekiel, 1184, 1191, 1217, 1220, 1224–25

in Isaiah, 974, 978, 983, 999, 1024, 1063, 1066–67

in Malachi, 1375–76

in Obadiah, 1316–17

in 2 Thessalonians, 2119–20

in Zechariah, Book of, 1368–70

in Zephaniah, 1347–49, 1351

Day of the Son of Man, 1902

day of wrath, 919, 1349; see also wrath

deacons, 1967, 2033, 2127–28

dead, 1163, 1273, 1309, 1395, 1719, 1724, 2057

Jesus's return and, 2114, 2116–17

raising of the, 546, 1839, 1840, 1880–81, 1938–39, 1994

Dead Sea, 2288–89

Dead Sea Scrolls, 308, 371, 1384, 1387, 1479, 2021, 2236, 2247, 2258, 2279, 2300

Christianity and, 2279

Ecclesiastes in, 945

Hebrew Bible in, 2243–44

Isaiah in, 979

Jeremiah and, 1552

Psalm 151 and, 1689

Samuel in, 421

the Way and, 1973

deafness, 1018–19, 1025–26, 1036–37, 1869

death, 84, 447–48, 611, 771, 805, 822, 949, 1399, 1455, 1504, 1726, 1938, 2150

angel of, 1029

as blessing, 1764–65

celebration of, 2133

children and, 84, 736–37, 752

exile as, 1169, 1554–55

expectations after, 1763

of firstborn, as tenth plague in Egypt, 88, 99–101, 1474

homicide, 244–45

innocence and, 751

of Israel, 1085–86, 1088–89

love compared to, 969

prayer for, 1392–93

as punishment, 154–55

renewal from, 2066

reputation and, 1533–34

of righteous, 1056, 1273

righteous after, 1726–27

righteousness and, 769–70

as sacrifice, 1760, 2102

sin and, 1652, 2167

song before, 1769

suffering and, 740–41

suicide, 479, 526–27, 599, 1393, 1771

wisdom and, 952–53

deathbed blessing, 48–50

death penalty, 1255

Deborah, 367–68

Deborah, Song of, 359, 369–71

debts, 275, 699, 700, 759, 932, 1394, 1791, 2044, 2255; see also loans; poor; wealth

Decalogue, 106, 111, 133–34, 256–57, 299, 823, 1402, 2263; see also Ten Commandments

repetition of, 259–61

De Canonicis Scripturis Libellus (Bodenstein), 1381

deconstruction, 2282

Decretum Gelasianum, 1380–81

dedication(s), 185–86, 199–200, 202–3, 283

of ark of the covenant, 155–56

of Second Temple, 684–85, 703, 1594

of Temple of Solomon, 510–13, 631–34

Delilah, 385, 387–88

deliverance, 805, 816, 826–27, 837–39, 1262, 1471–72, 2150

covenant and, 795–96

from enemies, 787, 795, 799–800, 809–10, 833

of Judah, 1013–14

prayer for, 1526–27

at Red Sea, 1476–77

from sin, 2021–22

Demetrius, 1600, 1603, 2298

Demetrius I, 1606–7, 1654

Demetrius II, 1616, 1618–19, 1621, 1626

Demetrius II Nicator, 1607–12, 1615

democracy, 691, 1764, 1773

demolition, 1331

demoniacs, 1788

demons, 640, 1800, 1932; see also devil; Satan

healing from, 1807–8, 1831–32, 1875–76, 1883–84

seventy and, 1889

dependency on others, 1518

deportation, 984, 1027; see also exile; Judean deportation

Derrida, Jacques, 2282

descendants (toledot), 9, 300

desire, 949–50, 952, 1574, 2169; see also Song of Solomon

self‐control of, 1754–55

despair, 751–52, 1086, 1094, 1174

hope and, 1169–70

destiny, 1066, 1846, 2090

destruction, 1097–98, 1147, 1157–59, 1166, 1408, 1708, 2212

of gods, 570

of Jerusalem, 539, 894, 1071, 1159, 1175–76, 1316, 1329, 1734, 1824–25

of Northern Kingdom, 1544

prophecies of, 990–91

of Second Temple, 1568, 1855–56, 1908, 2147

of Temple of Solomon, 842–43, 848–49, 1064, 1160, 1163, 1167

of world, 1744–45

Deuterocanonical, meaning of term, 1379, 2272; see also Apocrypha

Deuterocanonical Scripture, 1661

Deuteronomic Law Collection, 2255

Deuteronomistic Historian (Deuteronomist), 33, 359, 405, 418, 423–24, 574, 1303, 2255, 2295

Deuteronomistic History, 248, 359, 689, 2278, 2292, 2296

Jeremiah and, 1069, 1112, 1117–18, 1141, 1159–61

Joshua and, 304, 319, 321, 1416

Kings and, 318–19, 493–94, 512–13, 520–21, 552

prophetic books in, 972

Samuel and, 316–17, 405, 463

Deuteronomy, Book of, 43, 187, 247–48, 303, 493, 1164

Exodus and, 2255–56

interpretation and, 249–50, 2255–56

Jeremiah and, 1083–84, 1091, 1102, 1126, 1128, 1137

Jesus related to, 1787

Deutero‐Zechariah, 1357, 1364–1670

devil, 1786–87, 1874; see also Satan

devoted thing. See ḥerem

devotion, 400, 766, 1072, 1128; see also love

Dialogue with Trypho the Jew (Martyr), 2267

Diaspora, 512, 582, 1382, 1573, 1933, 2299; see also Esther, Book of

in Egypt, 1626–27, 2297–98

in Hellenistic period, 2297–98

in Persian period, 2296

Didascalia Apostolorum, 1685

diet, 171, 1389, 1739

dietary laws, 719, 1389, 1422, 1424, 1637, 1758–59, 2262

instructions on, 159–60, 274, 1833, 1843

Dinah, 58–59

Diogenes, 1348–49

Diotrephes, 2197–98

disciple(s), 1826–27, 1831, 1839, 1845–48, 1878

arrest of, 1963–64, 1966, 1997

Beloved, 1917–18, 1942–43, 1950–51, 1953

Jesus’ parting from, 1943–47

love of, 1943–44

persecution of, 1908, 1973

resurrection and, 1915–16, 1952

washing feet of, 1942

into world, 1946–47, 1952

discipleship, 1866, 1888, 1897–98, 1910

discipline, 920, 930, 1488, 1519, 1896, 2048

discrimination, 2114

disease, 105, 645, 787, 813, 816, 1529, 1644

of animals, as fifth plague in Egypt, 94

skin, 196, 657, 737

disgrace, 1489; see also shame

dismemberment, 392, 422, 430

disobedience, 221–22, 296–97, 1501, 1553–54

disorientation, 1176

disputation, 1371, 1372–73

disputes, 927–28, 2267–68

Divided Monarchy, 2294–95

divination, 124, 139, 174, 225, 429, 559, 564, 1154, 1204, 1251, 1321; see also dreams; lots; Urim and Thummim

in ancient Near East, 971–72

dreams and, 447

from ephod, 426, 440–41, 449

prophecy compared to, 280

divine abandonment, 149

divine actions, 893, 989

divine beings, 12–13, 19, 1110–11; see also angels

divine court, 768–69

divine favor, 819

divine intervention, 337, 441, 719–20, 791, 1658, 1691, 2293

divine judge, 789–90, 797, 829, 833

divine justice, 851, 1158

divine presence, 103, 117, 704, 785, 786, 1032, 2064, 2230; see also pillars

glory of, 2210–11

interaction with, 1177–78

divine promises, 227, 501, 650, 784–85

divine speech, 2264

divine throne, 1263–64

divine warrior, 103, 309, 326, 462, 649, 1018, 1336

vision of, 1345–46

divine will, 2216

divine wisdom, 1459, 2064

divorce, 289–90, 1789, 1900; see also marriage

Jesus’ teaching on, 1789, 1810, 1848–49, 2044, 2259

Documentary Hypothesis, 4, 2275

dogs, 937

donations, sacred, 177, 557–58

donkeys, 419, 1812

doubt, 1827

about Second Coming of Christ, 2181–82, 2184–85

dough, 213–14

Douglas, Mary, 2283

doves, 21–22, 843, 967, 1283

doxologies, 781, 1252, 1256, 1306–7, 2034, 2174, 2201

in Jeremiah, 1089–91

in psalms, 841, 858, 872, 901–3

in Revelation, 2226

in Wisdom of Solomon, 1476–77

dragons, 1220, 1433, 2218–19, 2221

Bel and the Dragon, 1157–58, 1341, 1383, 1565, 1577–80

dreams, 374, 447, 951, 1111, 1251, 1433, 1447, 1524; see also divination

Joseph and, 62, 66–67, 1784

of Nebuchadnezzar, 1253–58

of trees, 1257–58

drought, 528–29, 531, 1096, 1100–1101, 1295

drowning, 1322

drunkenness, 407, 443, 445, 929, 933–34, 986–87, 1095, 1425

Drusilla, 2001

dry bones, vision of, 1228–29

Duhm, Bernhard, 2275

Dutch Bible, 1381

dynasty, 993–94; see also Davidic dynasty

E

E (source of Pentateuch), 4–5, 38

eagles, 1178, 1197–98, 1736, 2215

early Christian church, 2046, 2051–52, 2177, 2193, 2258, 2267, 2283–84, 2302

Christ compared to, 2174

disharmony in, 2077–78, 2092–94, 2097, 2099–2100, 2122

lawsuits in, 2042–43

schism in, 2187–88

suffering in, 2173–74

women in, 2050–51, 2055

early Christian community, 2129

slaves in, 2129, 2143–44

ear‐piercing ceremony, 2255

earth, 11–12, 104, 547, 737, 742, 751, 808, 1011–13, 1358, 1412

earthquake, 110, 486–87, 1300, 2213

Eastern Orthodox Church, 111, 1379–80, 2239

east gate, 1239

Ebed‐melech, 1133–34, 1136–37

Ebenezer, 416

Eber, 25

Ecbatana, 1675

Ecclesiastes, Book of, 730, 945–59

Ecclesiasticus, Book of, 1479–1549

economic hardship, 290; see also poor

ecstasy, 2206

Eden, garden of, 14–16, 1215, 1236

Edom, 61, 221–22, 228, 543, 561, 1063, 1173, 1210

oracles against, 1150–51, 1225–26, 1297, 1302, 1315

Edomites, 288, 439–40, 517, 1594

education, 772–73, 1754, 2162, 2248, 2273, 2280, 2304–5

Egypt, 29, 32, 581–82, 1005, 1467, 1997, 2268–69, 2276; see also Exodus; plagues

alliances with, 1006–7, 1021, 1027, 1289–90, 2295

Antiochus IV Epiphanes against, 1271–72, 1583–84, 1635–36

Assyria compared to, 1219–20

beginning of, 2289–90

Diaspora in, 1626–27, 2297–98

doom of, 1216–17

gods of, 910, 1465, 1471

Isaiah on, 1005–7

Jacob to, 74–75

Jesus escape to, 1785

Judeans to, 1137, 1139–43

oracles against, 1140–41, 1144–46, 1216–22, 1297

persecution in, 1691, 1695–99

in the underworld, 1221–22

Egyptian love poetry, 961

Ehud, 366–67

Eichhorn, J. G., 2274

elders, 87, 294, 381, 402, 450, 1292, 1489, 1512, 1521, 2129

in Christian community, 1978, 1983

king and, 416, 455

plea of, 839–40

seventy, 207–8, 1888

tradition of, 1804–5, 1841, 1843

wickedness of, 1192–93, 1573–76

Eleazar (priest, scribe), 1638–39, 1654, 1702, 1758, 1761

martyrdom of, 1701, 1759–60

Eleazar, Aaron's son, 195, 215, 219, 222, 233, 343, 357, 394, 1240, 1761

elect, 1749, 2086–87, 2174–75; see also chosen

election, 2025

elemental spirits, 2084, 2108

elements, 999, 1477, 1569–70, 1640

elephants, 1599, 1647, 1691, 1699, 1702

elevation offering, 165

elevation ritual, 155

Elhanan, 318, 486, 612

Eli, 407–11, 413

Eliakim, 579

Eliashib, 696

Elihu, 735, 761–62, 767–78

Elijah, 535–36, 539, 645, 651, 1371, 1730, 1825, 2171, 2294; see also Elisha

ascension of, 541–42

against Baal, 528–32, 540–41, 555

Jesus compared to, 1786–87, 1807, 1838, 1846

John the Baptist compared to, 1798, 1830, 1880–81, 1921

Jonah compared to, 1320, 1323

Elimelech, 397, 400–401

Eliphaz, 739–41, 750, 752, 755, 756–57

Elisha, 532–33, 539, 551, 559–60; see also Elijah

miracles of, 542–50, 559–60

elite, 2301

Elizabeth, 1867, 1868

Elkanah, 406–7

Elohistic Psalter, 781, 817, 825–26

Elyon, 306

emotions, 1754, 1760–62, 1768–69

emperors, 1738, 1941, 2001–2, 2099, 2104, 2224

worship of, 1993, 2204, 2219–20, 2305

enchanters, 1251

endogamy, as theme of Tobit, 1389, 1395, 1399; see also marriage

end‐time, 1272–73, 1719–20, 1820, 1837, 1855, 2063, 2119–21

childbirth and, 1717, 1818

in Ezekiel, 1228–29

truth of, 2135–36

endurance, 811–13, 1760–61, 2166

enemies, 753, 764, 814, 816, 839, 855, 887, 995, 1027, 1166, 1168, 1547, 1763–64

curses of, 874–75

defeat by, 818–19

deliverance from, 787, 795, 799–800, 809–10, 833

divine presence and, 785

God as, 1094, 1166, 1281

intruders as, 2199–2201

love of, 1879

nations as, 829–30, 1292

protection from, 851–52

Solomon and, 499–500

English Bible, 1381, 2250–54

enjoyment, 934, 949, 952, 956

Enoch, 19, 842, 1455, 1538, 1721, 2201

envoys, 1633

envy, 933, 951

Epaphroditus, 2099, 2102, 2143

ephemerality, 947

Ephesians, Letter of Paul to, 2009, 2089–97

Ephesus, 1992–94, 2099, 2203

ephod, 124, 376, 409–10, 439

divination from, 426, 440–41, 449

Ephraim, 62–63, 76–77, 190, 231, 346–47, 373, 596, 1289

Northern Kingdom as, 1122, 1280–81

Syro‐Ephraimite War, 977, 988–89, 991, 993–95, 1002–3

Epicureans, 1452, 2306

epilepsy, 1847

Epimenides, 2140

Epistle of Barnabas, 2267

Epistles, 2009–10, 2123

equanimity, 811

Erasmus, 2271

Erastus, 2303–4

Erigena, John Scotus, 2270

Esau, 1594, 2162

Jacob and, 47–51, 56–58, 77, 1150, 1225–26, 1316

eschatology, 1930, 2135

Esdras, 1383

Esdras, First, 1661–84

Esdras, Second, 1384, 1707–49

apocalyptic imagery in, 1720–21, 1723–24, 1731–32

Essenes, 2093, 2279, 2300–2301; see also Dead Sea Scrolls; John the Baptist

Esther, Book of, 318, 715, 716–27, 1433, 1440, 2249, 2299

God and, 716, 1432, 1440–41, 1444, 1447

Greek version of, 1431–32

Mordecai and, 1435–36, 1438–39

eternity, 856, 950, 1773

ethics, 10, 1754, 2087

Ethiopia, 1003–5

ethnography, 2277

etiology, 413, 416, 420, 450

euangelion. See gospel

Eucharist, 1931, 1950, 2006, 2148

Euergetes, 1479, 1481

eunuchs, 717–18, 1055, 1434, 1454, 1505, 1972

Euphrates River, 612, 2287

Eupolemus, 1603, 1633, 2298

Euripides, 1770

Eusebius, 1778, 1917, 2165, 2187, 2203

Eutychus, 1994

evangelists, 1777

Eve, 14–15, 1513

everlasting, 34, 1556

evil, 896–97, 1230, 1513–14, 2190, 2207

Evil‐merodach, 581, 1161

excommunication, 214

execution, 285, 334, 375, 485, 1698–1701, 1860–61

exhortation, 1451–52, 2150, 2152–53, 2159, 2162, 2170–71

exiles, 184, 258, 298, 563, 565, 567–68, 592, 668, 673, 871, 987, 1405, 2204; see also Babylonian exile; Tobit, Book of

children of, 1047, 1327

as death, 1169, 1554–55

Jerusalem and, 1557–58

land for, 1317

sabbath in, 673

Exodus (from Egypt), 101–2, 240, 242, 315, 877–78, 1038, 1450, 1464; see also plagues

historical prophecies about, 1708–9

lack of food in, 105–6, 206

undoing of, 298–99

Exodus, Book of, 81–142, 2255–56

Exodus historicity, 2291–92

exorcism, Jesus and, 1837–38, 1843–44, 1848

extortion, 2070

eyes, 913–14, 968, 1361, 1791, 1892, 2211; see also blindness

Ezekiel, 280, 735, 1124, 1175–76, 1178, 1228–29, 1269, 1272, 1369

commission of, 1179–80

Day of the Lord in, 1184, 1191, 1217, 1220, 1224–25

throne‐chariot vision of, 1178–79

Ezekiel, Book of, 1175–1246

Ezra (prophet), 6, 675–76, 685, 711, 1357, 1552, 1708, 1712, 1715–18, 1742, 2235

in 1 Esdras, 1662, 1677–81, 1683

Artaxerxes and, 686, 1677–78

ascension of, 1729–30, 1742, 1744

memoirs of, 676, 686, 1678

prayer of, 689–90, 1729–30

Ezra, Book of, 675–92, 888, 2248

Ezra, Fifth, 1707–13

Ezra, Fourth, 1707–8, 1713–44

Ezra, Sixth, 1707–8, 1744–49

Ezra‐Nehemiah, 318, 674–76, 1371, 1661–62

Chronicles, Books of, similarities to, 317, 583, 675

F

faith, 364, 1240, 1255, 1837, 1861, 2081, 2106, 2160–61, 2168, 2178, 2193

of Abraham, 2160, 2260

in Acts, 1981–82

in Christ, 2105–6, 2159

in God, 2159–60

healing related to, 1833

righteousness and, 2017, 2026–27

in Thessalonians, 2119–20

faithfulness, 104, 634, 636, 706, 786, 807, 830, 898, 990, 1034, 1280, 1343, 2126

in contrast to faithlessness, 331, 642–43

to Davidic dynasty, 856–57

as first fruit, 1285–86

of God, 828–29, 1129, 2025, 2062

false accusers, 804, 1573–76, 1578–79

false apostles, 2061, 2073

false friends, 937

false prophets, 281, 1097, 1111, 1140, 1191–92

false revelation, 647

false teachers, 2257

false teaching, 2077–78, 2087, 2188, 2190–91, 2196

Second Coming of Christ and, 2183–85

truth compared to, 2125–26, 2128, 2130–31, 2135, 2184

false worship, 1467

family, 1084, 1389, 2283

of Jesus, 1801, 1883, 1959, 2199

family burial plot, 42–43

famine, 398, 528, 549–50, 1093, 1168, 1977–78, 2212

fasting, 415, 687, 721, 1057, 1267, 1269, 1404, 1414, 1439, 1679, 1833, 1877–78

in ritual, 1363–64

visions and, 1267, 1721

fate, 950

of wickedness, 749–50, 752, 754–56, 761, 771–72

father(s), 37, 889, 905–17, 914, 1850, 2096

God as, 1405, 1711, 2023

fear, 448, 816, 1269, 1442–43, 1658, 1838, 2150

of God, 55, 748–49, 1375, 1482

feasting, 604, 717–18, 966, 1399, 1520–21, 1894; see also Purim, feast of

feeding, 1805, 1844

of five thousand, 1804, 1840–41, 1885–86, 1929

Felix, Antonius, 2000–2001

female captives, 284–85

female images, of God, 887, 890

feminine sexuality, 715

feminism, 10

feminist biblical hermeneutics, 2285–86

fertile crescent, 2287–88

fertility, 100, 182, 228, 264, 820, 833, 854, 888, 899, 1011, 1056, 1065, 1280, 2227

blessing of, 22, 1109

festival(s), 116, 1242, 1278, 1281, 1284–85, 1308, 1389, 1446, 1703; see also Hanukkah, festival of; Passover, festival of; Sukkot, festival of

of booths, 117, 179–80, 235, 704–5, 2255

calendar, 178–80, 276–77

festival scrolls (Megillot), 945, 961

Festus, Porcius, 2001–2

Fifth Ezra. See Ezra, Fifth

fig trees, 1300, 1812, 1814, 1852, 1895

finances, 619, 669, 679, 683–84, 712, 2048

fire, 383, 671, 1255–56, 1569, 1627–28, 1645, 2040, 2210

God and, 540, 614, 633, 985, 1068, 1310, 1627–28

pillars of, 102, 1063–64

firstborn, 88, 193, 194, 218, 242, 244, 291, 2107; see also Jesus

consecration of, 100–101, 1332

death of, as tenth plague in Egypt, 88, 99–101, 1474

First Esdras. See Esdras, First

first fruits, 193, 1285–86

First Jewish Revolt, 2203, 2279, 2301

First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians. See Corinthians, First

Letter of Paul to

First Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians. See Thessalonians, First Letter of Paul to

First Maccabees. See Maccabees, First (Book of)

fish, 1397; see also Jonah

fishing, 2302

flies, as fourth plague in Egypt, 93

flogging, 291, 1632, 1759, 1949, 1966, 1998

flood, 20, 21–22, 24, 1319, 2276

flowers, 1732

folly, 917, 956–57; see also fools

food, 298, 427, 546, 569, 756, 921, 1251, 1280, 1395, 1786, 1931, 2049; see also dietary laws

health and, 1519–20

idols and, 1578–79, 1749, 2046–47, 2208

lack of, in Exodus, 105–6, 206

specialization and, 2289–90

in wilderness, 850–51

food offerings, 145

foolishness, 1507, 2038, 2072–73

fool(s), 936, 1503, 1893, 2072–73

foot‐washing, in John, 1942

forbearance, 1099

forced labor, 283; see also slavery

foreigners, 100, 341, 712, 902–3, 983, 1055, 1060, 1239

foreign invasion, 297–98, 307, 1077

foreign nations, 1182, 1195, 1221, 1249–50

foreign wives, 1680–82

forgiveness, 150, 214, 301, 801–2, 853, 1686, 1809, 1877, 2193

blessings for, 866–67

confession and, 870–72

controversy about, 1832–33

inspiration of, 824–25

of Paul, 2061, 2063–64

of sin, 807, 813–14, 1516, 1877

form criticism, 2276–77

Former Prophets, 493, 971

Foucault, Michel, 2282

foundations, 1792–93

foundation stone, 1016, 1360, 1673–74

Fourth Ezra. See Ezra, Fourth

Fourth Gospel. See John, Gospel According to

Fourth Maccabees. See Maccabees, Fourth (Book of)

Fox, Everett, 2253

fragrance, 964–66, 1290

Frazer, James G., 2278

freedom, 743–44, 1644, 1678, 1767–68, 2065; see also manumission

among elect, 2086–87

of slaves, 275–76, 2045, 2264–65

free will, 665, 1499–1500

freewill offerings, 177–78

friends, 937–38, 967, 1255, 1459, 1487–88, 2084, 2104, 2134–44, 2159

friendship, 747–48, 751, 753, 1508–9, 1515–16, 1762

frogs, as second plague in Egypt, 92

fruit, 174, 1311

G

Gabriel, 1156–57, 1266, 1269–70, 1569, 1867

Gad, 238–40, 310–11, 591, 1149

Gaius, 2038, 2197–98

Gaius Caligula, 1819

Galatians, Letter of Paul to, 2077–88, 2260

Galilean ministry, 1787–88, 1874–75

Galilee, 1858, 1966, 2288, 2302

Galileo Galilei, 2273

Gallio, L. Junius, 1991, 2035

Gamaliel, 1966

garden of Eden, 14–16, 1215, 1236

gatehouses, 1233–34

gatekeepers, 618, 701–2, 1062

gates, 419, 696, 908, 917, 944, 1233, 1239, 1246, 1339, 1714, 2229

Gedaliah, 581, 1073, 1136–38, 1140

Gehazi, 544–45, 547–48

gematria, 2220

gemstones, 124

gender, 1507–8, 2285–86, 2304

gender boundaries, 286

genealogies, 9–10, 584, 598, 710–11, 1672; see also specific individuals

generations (toledot), 9, 300

generosity, 920, 1404, 2070–71

Genesis, Book of, 3–80, 583

creation in, 11–15

historicity of, 8, 10, 2290–91

Geneva Bible, 2252

Gentiles, 1414, 1650, 1850, 1855, 1974, 2032–33, 2093

circumcision of, 1976–77

inclusion of, in Christian community, 1983–84

Paul as apostle to the, 2077, 2079–81

geography, 322–23, 2287–89

geopolitics, 974

German Bible, 2239

Gershonites, 195, 199, 592, 594

Gethsemane, 1822–23, 1947

giants, 19, 211, 253, 255, 362, 1428, 1555, 1694, 1720, 2051

Gibeah, 391–93

Gibeonites, 335–36, 485, 2292

Gideon, 371–77, 1596

Gilead, 380, 381, 591, 1087, 1301

Gilgal, 329–30, 339, 1286, 1305

Gilgamesh, epic of, 20–22, 956

gleaning, 400–401, 1523, 1755

glory, 132, 413, 785, 788, 878, 1179, 1188, 1229, 1569, 1920, 2019, 2023

of divine presence, 2210–11

time related to, 2024

glory, divine, 106, 118; see also divine presence; theophanies

gnats, as third plague in Egypt, 93

Gnostics, 2131, 2188, 2240, 2268

goats, 169–70, 965, 1265

God, 5, 16, 32, 103, 133, 842, 1326, 1974, 2090, 2262; see also Lord; specific topics

gods, 54, 104, 171, 255, 301, 364, 446, 570, 829, 894, 902, 1596

altars of, 372–73

of Babylon, 1042–44

of Canaan, 516, 577, 1126

commitment against, 1076–77

curses related to, 296–97

of Egypt, 910, 1465, 1471

local manifestations of, 59–60

names of, 1250–51

punishment related to, 304–5

in war, 413, 462

Gog of Magog oracles, 1229–32, 2228

gold, 238, 1483, 2210

golden calf, 130–31, 866

Golden Rule, 1792

Goliath, 318, 431–32, 434, 444, 486, 612, 1689

Gomer, 1275–79

Gomorrah, Sodom and, 30, 36–37, 307, 981, 1306, 1350

good news, 1830; see also gospel

Good News Bible, 2253–54

Good Samaritan, 1889–90

Good Shepherd, 2270

Gorgias, 1591

Goshen, 73, 339

gospel (euangelion), 1970, 2013, 2114–15, 2247

Synoptic, 1778–79, 1917, 1939, 2275–76

Gospel of Thomas, 1778–79, 2279

gossip, 1503–4

Gottwald, Norman, 2283

governors, 700

grace, 819, 2020, 2069, 2148

grain harvests, 371, 399–401

grain offering, 146–47, 151, 153, 213

gratitude, 2148, 2150, 2154, 2162

graves, 697; see also tombs

Greco‐Roman biographies, 1777

Greco‐Roman culture, 2162

Greco‐Roman philosophy, 1752–53, 1761, 1767

Greco‐Roman world, 2009–10

Greece, 1365

greed, warning against, 1893

Greek, 1450, 2244, 2247–49, 2298; see also Old Greek

Greek Bible, 2238–39, 2244

Greek culture, 1763

Greek philosophy, 2298–99

Greeks, 1634–35, 1696, 1697, 1933, 1940, 1988–90, 2304–5

green, pale, as color, 2212

Gregory of Nazianzus, 2241

grief, 399, 1442; see also mourning

Grosseteste, Robert, 2271

guilt offering, 151, 196, 414, 923, 1682

guilty, 1187–88; see also punishment

Gunkel, Hermann, 2276–77

Gutenberg, Johannes, 2271–72

gymnasium, 1583, 1632–33

H

H. See Holiness Collection; Holiness Source

Habakkuk, 1579, 2262–63

Habakkuk, Book of, 1341–46

habits, 1754

Hades, 1473, 1553, 1570, 1798; see also Sheol

haftarah, 971

Hagar, 33–34, 40, 2085

“Haggadah,” 262–63

Haggai, 682, 1357, 1364, 1373, 1674

Haggai, Book of, 1353–56

haggler, 929–30

hail, 94–95, 337

hair, 474, 479–80, 968, 1182, 1709, 1991, 2050–51

halakhah. See law(s)

Ham, 24–25, 585

Haman, 718, 726, 1433–34, 1441, 1444–45

Ahasuerus and, 715–16, 720, 722–25

against Jews, 1437–38

Hananiah, 1116–18

hand, 521, 1575; see also laying on of hands

of God, 1453–54

right, 845, 1656, 2092

handwriting on the wall, in Daniel, 1259–61

Hannah, 406–7, 1868–69

Hannah, Song of, 407–8

Hanukkah, festival of, 1384, 1594, 1626, 1628–29, 1645, 1691, 1751, 1937

Haran, 27

hardened heart, 88, 95–96, 340, 1064, 1363

Jesus on, 1841, 1848–49

harvest festival. See Pentecost; Shavuot

harvests, 371, 399–401, 936, 1799, 1834

gleaning, 400–401, 1523, 1755

Hasideans, 1588, 1600, 1655

Hasmoneans, 1382, 1655, 2299–2300; see also Maccabees

hatred, 1372, 1630, 1765–66

Hazael, 551, 558

Hazor, 1151–52

healing, 572, 866, 1403–4, 1793, 1833, 1839, 1841, 1847, 1962

of blindness, 1812, 1814, 1845, 1851, 1904

from demons, 1807–8, 1831–32, 1875–76, 1883–84

of hemorrhage, 1795, 1838, 1884–85

of leprosy, 1793, 1832, 1876–77, 1902

on sabbath, 1799, 1834, 1875–76, 1878, 1895–96, 1927–28, 1935

health, 1519–20

hearing, 964, 970, 1091–92, 1132

hearts, 793, 803, 819, 910, 966, 1101, 1227, 1294, 1497, 1767, 1880, 2250; see also hardened heart

circumcision of, 301, 1969

foreskin of, 1077, 1089

mind and, 953

heaven, 255, 565–66, 822, 1656, 1714, 1786, 1930

fire from, 1627–28

as God, 1590, 1639–40

queen of, 1141–43

tabernacle related to, 2155–56

heavenly beings, 789

Hebrew, 789, 808, 2243, 2247, 2253, 2272, 2274

Hebrew Bible, 2136, 2243, 2246, 2249, 2279, 2283; see also Pentateuch; Torah

in Aramaic, 2244, 2247–48, 2261–62

interpretation of itself, 2254–57

Hebrews, 424, 426–27, 2101, 2148

Hebrews, Letter to the, 2147–64

Hebron, 344, 362, 475, 518, 1597

Heliodorus, 1630–32, 1644, 1692–93, 1757

Hell. See Hades

Hellenism, 945, 1581–83, 1633–34, 1829, 1967, 1977

2 Maccabees and, 1625–26, 1637–38

in Jerusalem, 1625, 1756–57

Hellenistic culture, 1382, 1449

Hellenistic period, 2297–2300

hemorrhages, healing of, 1793, 1838, 1884–85

Henry VIII, 2251–52

ḥerem (devoted thing), 323, 330–34, 338–39, 362, 428–29; see also dedication(s); holy war

heresy, 2269; see also apostasy

hermeneutics, cultural, 2284–87

Hermon, 1699–1701

Herod Agrippa, 1840, 1959, 1978–79, 2302

Herod Agrippa I, 1978

Herod Agrippa II, 2002–3

Herod Antipas, 1785, 1885, 1896, 1912, 1979, 2203

Herodotus, 1561, 1578

Herod the Great, 1784, 1855, 1872, 1924, 2000, 2288, 2301–2

heroes, 489–90

Hexateuch, 3, 318, 321, 2278

Hezekiah, 568–69, 574, 663–65, 697, 946, 1544, 2295

in Isaiah, 570–73, 1007, 1010, 1030–31

prayer of, 570–71, 666

Proverbs and, 935–41

reforms of, 567, 659–64, 1026

high places, 495, 500, 524–25, 640, 1183, 1310, 1325; see also shrine

in Micah, 1325–26

priests of, 577, 607

high priesthood, 1633–36, 1647, 2296; see also priesthood

Hasmoneans and, 2299–2300

high priests, 149, 245, 558, 1161, 1175, 1268, 1360, 1382, 1607, 1618

on Day of Atonement, 2156–57

Hyrcanus as, 1581, 1624

intermarriage of, 691–92

Jesus as, 2154–55, 2157

Jonathan Maccabeus as, 1586, 1607

hippodrome, 1698

Hiram of Tyre, 504–5, 508–9, 514, 626–27

historical background, of Apocrypha, 1382

historical books, 315–57, 493, 1383, 2204

historicity and, 318–19

historical context, 81–82, 247–48, 2089–90

historical‐critical method, 1783, 2274, 2286

historical fiction, 716, 1433

Judith as, 1383, 1409–10, 1412–13

historical prophecies, 1708–9

historical review, 250–51

historical revisionism, 317

historical study, 2280

historical superscriptions, 2262

historicity, 317, 318–19, 2277, 2292

of Genesis, 8, 10, 2290–91

historiographical literature, 2298

historiography, 494–95

history, 11–13, 972, 1581–82, 2292–93

literary, 82, 248–49, 1956

Hittites, 42, 363

Hobbes, Thomas, 2273

holiness, 175, 196, 1232, 1370, 1680–81, 2013, 2029, 2175, 2189, 2191

conflict over, 215–16

gradations of, 1234–35

of Israelites, 173–74

obligations of, 273–74

separateness as, 160, 688

Holiness Collection (Holiness Code) (H), 6, 143–44, 170–85

Holiness School (HS), 1175–77, 1184

Holiness source (H), 143, 149

Holocaust (Shoah), 1055, 1347

Holofernes, 1410–17

Judith with, 1423–27

siege by, 1417–27

holy city, 709, 711

holy items, 159, 195; see also sacred vessels

holy kiss, 2059, 2075, 2118

holy of holies, 120–21, 168, 507, 701, 988, 1028, 1060–61, 1235, 1691

Aaron in, 169–70

Jesus and, 1825, 1861

Holy One, 1557

holy place. See sanctuary

Holy Spirit, 1575, 1868, 1890, 1893, 1952, 1958, 1976, 1986, 2022, 2091

baptism of, 1959–62

Paul and, 1992–93

holy war, 282–83, 288, 605, 641, 648, 725, 999, 1365–66, 1370; see also dedication(s); ḥerem

holy water, 197

homicide, 244–45, 281–82; see also murder

homosexuality, 10, 172, 2014

honesty, 1333, 1899, 1906–7

honey, 147, 427, 912

honor, 763, 1402, 1480, 1484, 1489, 1528, 1620–21, 2053, 2115, 2284

of Boaz, 400–402

of human beings, 788–89

humility and, 1493–94

of Mordecai, 722–23

punishment and, 848–49

for restoration, 1227–28

shame and, 1427, 1442, 1534–35

women and, 1480–81

hope, 855, 896, 1114, 1328, 1439, 2177

despair and, 1169–70

from false prophets, 1191–92

judgment and, 1325, 1333–34

Temple and, 803–4

Horeb, Mount. See Mount Sinai/Horeb

horns, 1358–59

horsemen, 1358

horses, 339–40, 465, 516, 1096, 1362

Hosea, Book of, 1275–90, 2295

Hoshea, 565, 1282

hospitality, 35, 37, 545, 1088, 2142, 2194

belief related to, 2197–98

household gods, 54

households, 1489–90, 2035, 2106, 2306

of emperor, 2099, 2104

relationships in, 2105, 2110

slaves in, 1523–24

House of Israel, 142

house(s), 166, 677, 957–58

of God, 982, 2066

Second Temple and, 1353–54

HS. See Holiness School

hubris, national, 1150

Hugo of St. Cher, 2271

Huldah, 576, 669–71

human beings, 13, 20, 26, 748–50, 950, 1179, 1453, 1713, 1725

age of, 18–19, 909, 954, 1066

hatred of, 1765–66

holiness of, 2029

Holy Spirit and, 2022

honor of, 788–89

judgment of, 2014–15

power and, 808, 1033–34

punishment of, 1747–48

surface affliction on, 162–64

humanism, 1707

human sacrifice, 41–42, 563, 573; see also children

humility, 687, 1485, 1493–94, 1897, 2071–72

humor, 1320, 1414, 1422

in Tobit, 1391, 1396–97, 1399

hunger, 298, 1167, 1182; see also famine

husbands, 1513–14, 2095–96, 2110, 2176

Hushai,476–79

hymns, 854, 1405–6, 1547, 1569–70

psalms as (See Psalms)

for sabbath, 859–960

hypocrites, 1790, 1816, 1895, 2087

Hyrcanus, John, 1581, 1621, 1623, 1624

Hyrcanus, son of Tobias, 1631

I

ibn Ezra, Abraham, 4, 2266

ideal age, in Micah, 1329–30

identity, 97, 299–300, 721, 1388, 1846, 2207, 2296

of elect, 2174–75

of Jesus, 1918, 1920

in name, 1447, 1567

secret of, 1438–39

soul related to, 1453–54

idolatry, 256–57, 376, 389, 429, 520, 1039, 1284, 1469, 1541, 1969

as adultery, 2209

in Bel and the Dragon, 1577–80

condemnation of, 1004, 1085, 1087, 1467–68

in Ezekiel, 1183–84, 1186–87

Judas Maccabeus against, 1597

meat and, 2046–47, 2050

of nations, 983, 1042–43

of priests, 1348

as promiscuity, 1073–74

as prophecy, 1369

warning against, 2049–50

idols, 1470, 1562, 1563

food and, 1578–79, 1749, 2046–47, 2208

God compared to, 1089–90

life of, 1560–61

power of, 1559–62

Idumeans, 1646, 1670

images, 1819, 2270

of God, 13, 256–57, 887, 890

Immanuel, 990–92

immortality, 1450, 1453, 1482, 1711, 1713, 1733

impotence, 1562

impurity, 196, 438, 935, 1182, 1355, 1561, 1898

of high priests, 1360

of menstruation, 161, 167–68

ritual, 577–78, 712

of sanctuaries, 1177, 1183

impurity rules, 150–51, 153–54, 159

on childbirth, 161–62

sexual discharges, 167–68

surface afflictions, 162–66

inadvertent sin, 149

incense altar, 127–28

incense offerings, 157–58

incest, 24, 38, 288, 291, 471–72

indictment, 1851–52

curses and, 1372–73

against Israel, 1279

against nations, 1525–26

against priests, 1279–80

indigenous peoples, 2285

individual responsibility, 928

inequality, in marriage, 1512–13

ingathering, festival of. see booths, festival of; Sukkot, festival of

inheritance, 133, 280, 402, 420, 954, 1173, 1398, 1722, 2149

of Abraham, 2083

intermarriage and, 689–90

of Promised Land, 230–32, 238–40

of women, 3, 214, 231–32, 245–46, 346, 1076

injustice, 768, 832, 1104, 1129

justice and, 1449–50

to poor, 928, 984, 1080–81

of ungodly, 1452–53

inner sanctuary. See holy of holies

innocence, 743–44, 751, 753–54, 768, 838, 1104

oath of, 761, 787–88

inspiration, 824–25, 1768

instructional psalms, 784, 797, 811–12, 822, 825, 846–48, 876–77

Instruction of Amenemope, 906, 932

instructions, 145, 914, 1373, 1457

on dietary laws, 159–60, 274, 1833, 1843

to disciples, 1845–48

from fathers, 905–17

for purification offerings, 153–54

integrity, 268, 282, 1515, 1760

intentional sin, 149, 168–70

interest on loans, 699–700

intermarriage, 69, 133–34, 229–30, 237, 288, 676, 1373, 1382, 1673

children of, 690, 692, 1681–82

in Esther, 1432, 1440

of high priests, 691–92

inheritance and, 689–90

with Moabites, 590

in postexilic Judah, 688–92, 713, 1680–81

intertribal marriage, 246

intimidation, 698–99

intruders, 2199–2201

Irenaeus, 1955, 2090, 2187–88, 2240, 2268

Iron Age, 2292–93

irrigation, 930, 2287, 2289

Isaac, 36, 40–43, 46–49, 60, 2262, 2265

bar Isaac, Solomon (Rashi), 2265

Isaiah, 657, 978–79, 1176, 1544, 2258–59

Ahaz in, 989–91, 1002, 1026, 1030

Babylonian exile and, 572–73, 927, 977, 1037

Hezekiah and, 570–73, 1007, 1010, 1030–31

oracles in, 980, 993–94, 998–99, 2275

woes in, 986, 994, 1004–5, 1015–20, 1022–23

Isaiah, Book of, 977–1068, 2275; see also Second Isaiah; Third Isaiah

Iscariot, 1835

Ishbaal, 453, 456–59, 479

Ishmael, son of Abraham, 40, 45–46, 376, 586, 2085, 2265

Ishmael, son of Nethaniah, 1138

Islam, 10

Israel, 105–7, 142, 228, 260, 547, 639, 1229, 1317, 1466, 2088, 2169, 2275, 2291; see also ancient Near East and Israel; Northern Kingdom; sabbath

as Babylonian exile, 1189–90

Christ and, 2027–28

Christians compared to, 2174

covenant with, 109–18, 1373–74

as Davidic dynasty, 902–3, 1054

death of, 1085–86, 1088–89

disobedience of, 1553–54

fasting of, 1414

founding of, 849–50

as God's child, 1287–88

Gomer compared to, 1276

indictment against, 1279

Jacob as, 57, 83, 1034

Jesus compared to, 1785

Judah separate from, 422, 456–57

judgment on, 985–87, 1309, 1709–10

kingship, beginnings of, in, 423–29

lawsuit against, 1288–89, 1332–33

new, 1835, 2177

oracles against, 1303–4, 1311–13

prayer for, 1526–27

prophecies against, 1708–11

redeemer of, 1036–38, 1154

rejection from, 2028

restoration of, 1046, 1124–25

salvation of, 2029

sanctity of, 1177

as servant, 1045–46, 1051

unfaithfulness of, 1072, 1195

unity of Judah and, 997, 1277

as vine, 1286, 1944

wealth of, 1305

Israelites, 149–50, 173–74, 2025

slavery related to, 83–84, 183

Issachar, 349, 595

J

J (source of Pentateuch), 5, 10, 38

Jacob (Israel), 9, 30, 46, 52, 74–75, 78, 586, 1463, 1926

angels’ stairway and, 50–51

burial of, 79–80, 1968

death of, 76–79, 1755

descendants of, 46, 60, 63, 83, 587

Esau and, 47–51, 56–58, 77, 1150, 1225–26, 1316

as Israel, 57, 83, 1034

Laban and, 53–56

James, 1811–12, 1978, 1983, 2165

James, Letter of, 1385, 2165–71

Jason, 1632–36, 1757, 2299

Jason of Cyrene, 2 Maccabees and, 1625, 1629–30, 1659

jealousy, 111, 306, 434, 938, 1261, 1514

Jehoahaz, 578–79, 672, 1070, 1108, 1663–64

Jehoash, 557–60

Jehoiachin (Jeconiah), 415, 494, 539, 582, 654, 672, 1161, 1664

reign of, 673–74, 1070, 1095, 1109, 1112

Jehoiada, 557, 653

Jehoiakim, 579–80, 1070, 1095, 1108–9, 1130, 1131–32

Jehoram, 540–41, 551–52, 646, 650–51

Jehoshaphat, 538, 645–50, 1296–97

Jehosheba, 556, 652

Jehu, 552–56, 993–94

Jephthah, 380–83

Jeremiah, 493, 671, 673, 1051, 1070–71, 1084, 1628, 1657, 1665, 1806

arrests of, 1083, 1125, 1132–34

Babylonian exile and, 1559–60

complaints of, 1092–93, 1098–99, 1101–6

in conflict, 1114–31

Daniel and, 1156–57

Deuteronomistic History and, 1069, 1112, 1117–18, 1141, 1159–61

Deuteronomy and, 1083–84, 1091, 1102, 1126, 1128, 1137

doxologies in, 1089–91

Jeremiah, Book of, 674, 677, 1069–1161, 1163, 1320, 1341

Dead Sea Scrolls and, 1552

fall of Jerusalem and, 1173

Micah in, 1115–16, 1325

Moses and, 1554

sign‐acts of, 1099–1100, 1102, 1105, 1141

Jeremiah, Letter of, 1559–63

Jeremiel, 1716–18

Jericho, 326–27, 330–31, 333, 356, 527

Jeroboam, 62, 77, 80, 495, 517–18, 520, 523, 639, 640, 642, 1275, 1389; see also Jonah

prophet and, 521–22, 525–26

Jeroboam II, 561, 1276

Jerome, 583, 1379, 1381, 1387, 1581, 2239, 2246, 2268

Jerusalem, 31, 54, 263, 270, 280, 327, 336–37, 379, 392, 1351–52, 1370, 2288

adultery of, 1177

Antioch in, 1632–33

ark of the covenant to, 462–63

as city of David, 270–71

collection for, 2058–59, 2061–62, 2069–71

curse against, 1332–33

as daughter, 1330, 1347, 1352

David related to, 270–71, 345, 434, 453, 460, 481–83, 600, 605

destruction of, 539, 894, 1071, 1159, 1175–76, 1316, 1329, 1734, 1824–25

exiles and, 1557–58

failure to conquer, 345

fall of, 978, 1135–37, 1136, 1209–10, 1664–65, 1736

fortification of, 1616

foundation stone of, 1016

Hellenism in, 1625, 1756–57

as high place, 1325

Jesus’ entry into, 1812, 1851, 1905, 1940

Judah against, 362

judgment against, 1351

Lamentations and, 1163–66

Luke on, 1958

measurement of, 1359, 2229

as mother, 1710–11

name of, 1558

new, 1053, 2004, 2010, 2026, 2028–29

oracles on, 980

Paul in, 1996–99, 2011, 2079–80

peace for, 886–87

rape of, 1165

rebuilding of, under Nehemiah, 1124, 1127, 1735

rebuilding walls of, 693, 695–701

repopulation of, 709–10

restoration of, 697, 900, 985, 1196–97, 1329, 1659, 1661

in Revelation, 2217

sacrifice outside, 1585

siege of, 567–72, 580, 1008–9, 1026–29, 1134, 1171–72, 1181–82, 1208–9

suffering of, 980–81

as throne, 1076

unfaithfulness of, 1164–65

water for, 990, 1009

women and, 697, 963, 967, 984–85, 1049–50, 1164

Zion as, 54, 1164

The Jerusalem Bible, 2253

Jerusalem church, 1983, 2165

Jerusalem families’ genealogies, 598

Jerusalem Temple, 119, 1020, 1511, 2255; see also Temple, Second; Temple of Solomon

Jesus in, 1851–52, 1871–72, 1906, 1922, 1924, 1932

Jeshua (Joshua), 678–79, 1359–61, 1667

Jesus, 42, 83, 229, 1264, 1712–13, 1785, 1830, 1936, 1986, 2149, 2161; see also Christ; healing

Abraham and, 1783, 1935

anointing of, 1857, 1862, 1881–82, 1940

arrest of, 1822–23, 1856–59, 1909, 1911, 1947–48

authority of, 1789, 1835, 1852, 1906, 1928, 1934–35

baptism of, 1786, 1831, 1873

birth of, 1784, 1870

as blasphemer, 1794, 1859, 1877, 1928

burial of, 1826, 1861–62, 1914, 1940, 1951

children and, 1810, 1848–49, 1887, 1903

compassion of, 1795–96

before council, 1823–24, 1911, 1948

crucifixion of, 1782, 1825, 1860–61, 1913–14, 1950–51

David and, 1783, 2259

in Davidic dynasty, 1854, 1868, 1873, 1886

death and resurrection of, 1807–8, 1811, 1886–87, 1904, 1932–33, 1934, 1937, 2061–62, 2181, 2211

death of, 1825, 1913–14, 1934

defense of, 1932–35

devil and, 1786–87, 1874

Elijah compared to, 1786–87, 1807, 1838, 1846

execution of, 1860–61

exorcism and, 1837–38, 1843–44, 1848

family of, 1801, 1883, 1959, 2199

genealogy of, 1783, 1873

on hardened heart, 1841, 1848–49

as high priest, 2154–55, 2157

holy of holies and, 1825, 1861

identity of, 1918, 1920

Isaiah and, 2258–59

Jerusalem entry of, 1812, 1851, 1905, 1940

in Jerusalem Temple, 1851–52, 1871–72, 1906, 1922, 1924, 1932

John the Baptist and, 1866, 1881, 1920–21, 1925

as judge, 1970

judgment and, 1848

as Lamb, 2211–12, 2214, 2220–21, 2226–27, 2230

on law, 1788–89, 1841–42, 1889, 2258

as Lord, 1851, 1870

Moses compared to, 1788, 1807, 1886–87, 1920, 1929, 1931, 2151, 2259

in Nazareth, 1874–75

parting from disciples, 1943–47

Passover festival of, 1821–22, 1857–58, 1918–19, 1929, 1949

before Pilate, 1823–25, 1860, 1912, 1948–49

prayer of, 1858

psalms and, 2259

as rabbi, 1822

Rabbinic Judaism and, 1782–83

rejection of, 1803, 1887–88

return of, 2114, 2116–17, 2119–21

sacrifice and, 2260

Samaritans and, 1887–90, 1925–27

as servant, 1051

on slavery, 1934–35

as Son of David, 1795

teaching on divorce from, 1789, 1810, 1848–49, 2044, 2259

titles for, 1876, 2230

tomb of, 1862, 1914, 1951

transfiguration of, 1807, 1846–47, 1886–87

trial of, 1815–16, 1853–54, 1859–60

wealth and, 1849–50

in wilderness, 1831–32

women and, 1783, 1805, 1862, 1882, 1925–27, 2033–34

Jethro, 108, 2256

Jewish Bible, 971; see also Hebrew Bible; Jewish premodern bible interpretation; Pentateuch; Torah

Jewish Christians, 1982, 2139–40

Jewish Diaspora. See Diaspora

Jewish premodern bible interpretation

creative historiography in, 2263–64

medieval commentators in, 2265–66

Pesharim and, 2262–63

rabbinic interpretation in, 2264–65

translation as interpretation in, 2261–62

Jewish Publication Society, 2253

Jewish scriptures interpretation. See Jewish premodern bible interpretation; New Testament Jewish scriptures interpretation

Jewish War, 1855–56

Jews, 1437–38, 1861, 1913, 2015–16, 2113; see also Song of the Three Jews

execution of, 1698–1701

as kings, 1579–80

Rome expulsion of, 1990, 2011

Jezebel, 527, 530–31, 535–36, 554–55, 2209

Joab, 445, 480–81, 490, 495–96, 499, 600

Joakim, 1573–76

Joash, 539, 557–59, 653–55

Job, Book of, 732, 735–79, 1392, 1404

Jochebed, 90–91

Joel, 1960–61

Joel, Book of, 1291–97

Johanan, 1139–40

Johannine community, 1918

Johannine school, 1917

John, 1811–12, 1917–18, 1963–64

John, First Letter of, 2187–94

John, Gospel According to, 1779–80, 1917–53, 2187–88

John, Second Letter of, 2195–96

John, Third Letter of, 2197–98

John Mark, 1829, 1986

John Paul II, 2246

John the Baptist, 1371, 1786, 1803, 1831, 1840, 1867–68, 1872, 1981

Elijah compared to, 1798, 1830, 1880–81, 1921

Jesus and, 1866, 1881, 1920–21, 1925

messengers from, 1797–98

Jonah, 561, 1319–20, 1335, 1407, 1806, 1891

Jonah, Book of, 1319–23

Jonathan (grandson of Moses), 390–91

Jonathan (Saul's son), 424–26, 434, 437–38, 485

Jonathan Maccabeus, 1604–5, 1608–15, 1619–20

death of, 1616–17

as high priest, 1586, 1607

Joppa, 1615, 1617, 1649–50

Jordan River, 243, 327–29, 542, 2288

Joseph (father of Jesus), 1784, 1871–72

Joseph (son of Jacob), 11, 364, 590–91, 1436, 1772

brothers of, 62–64, 69–73, 76–80, 1463

dreams and, 62, 66–67, 1784

story of, 62–80

Joseph (tribe), 294, 310, 343, 346–47; see also Ephraim; Manasseh

Joseph of Arimathea, 1861–62, 1941

Josephus, 1384–85, 1431, 1692, 2236, 2263–64, 2291

on 1 Maccabees, 1581, 1610, 1613–15, 1622

Joshua, 80, 107, 207–8, 210–11, 350, 357, 359, 1541, 2152

Achan compared to, 331–33, 335

Canaan in, 3, 324–25

Deuteronomistic History and, 304, 319, 321, 1416

as parallel to Moses, 323–24, 330, 334

transfer of leadership to, 233, 302–3, 311–12

Joshua (high priest). See Jeshua

Joshua, Book of, 321–57, 364, 2278, 2292

Deuteronomistic History and, 304, 319, 321

interpretation of, 322–23

land division in, 341–42, 345–53

Josiah, 493, 521, 576, 589, 1342, 1545, 1663, 2295

in Jeremiah, 1070, 1083, 1108, 1116, 1131–32

Passover and, 578, 670–71, 1662–63

reforms of, 247, 539, 574, 578, 668–71, 1141

Jotham, 377–78, 561–63, 657–58, 989

joy, 789, 864, 1683–84, 1868, 2099

Jubilees, 2263–64

jubilee year, 181–82, 1061, 1664, 2264–65; see also sabbatical year

Judah (Jacob's son), 60, 62, 64, 70–73, 200, 589–90

genealogy of, 231, 587–88

Tamar and, 65, 587

Judah (kingdom), 539, 597, 640, 1075, 1091, 1303, 2294–95; see also Southern Kingdom; Temple, Second

Babylonian exile of, 672–74

deliverance of, 1013–14

end of, 578–82

Israel separate from, 422, 456–57

judgment against, 985–87

last kings of, 672–73

lions of, 1017–18, 1200

as name of Southern Kingdom, 494–95, 502, 518

among nations, 1112–14

unity of Israel and, 997, 1277

vine as, 1200–1201

Judah (tribe), 296, 310, 343–45, 360, 362–63, 393, 1665

Judahite Monarchy, 584

Judahites, 709

Judaism, 9–10, 1414, 1446, 1629, 1957, 2078, 2203, 2267; see also Diaspora; rabbinic Judaism

Apocrypha in, 1384–85

of Paul, 1996–97

postcritical interpretation in, 2286–87

Judas, 1824, 1857–58, 1909, 1959

Judas Maccabeus, 805, 1582, 1589, 1603–4, 1637, 1643, 1649

David compared to, 1590, 1593–94

Judith compared to, 1419, 1426

victories of, 1591–97, 1601–2, 1641–42

Judas the Galilean, 1966

Jude, Letter of, 2181, 2184, 2199–2201

Judea, 1326, 1581–82, 1617–18

to Egypt, 1137, 1139–43

Judean deportation, 1168–69, 1175

in Jeremiah, 1069, 1106, 1123, 1136, 1140, 1159–60

judges, 366–67, 380, 1328, 1541, 1678, 1903, 1970; see also Samuel

days of, 359–60

divine, 789–90, 797, 829, 833

Judges, Book of, 359–96, 360, 2292

judgment, 32, 473–74, 1059, 1154, 1189, 1258, 1266, 1279, 1522, 1754, 1848, 2214, 2221

commandments and, 1568

day of, 1724–28, 1739

final, 1457, 2228

of God, 979, 981

hope and, 1325, 1333–34

of human beings, 2014–15

inevitability of, 1192–93

on Israel, 985–87, 1309, 1709–10

against Jerusalem, 1351

against Judah, 985–87

in law, 2169–70

love related to, 2192

on Moab, 1148

on nations, 1349–50, 1821

preparation for, 2222

against pride, 1214–15

sin and, 1112–13

smelting, 1205–6

Temple of Solomon related to, 1067

judgment oracles, 1079

judicial system, 278–79, 282, 648

Judith, Book of, 1384, 1416–17, 1419, 1421, 1426, 1428–29

as historical fiction, 1383, 1409–10, 1412–13

justice, 268, 735, 778, 822, 844, 919, 935, 1059, 1457, 1755, 2016; see also injustice; righteousness

benefit of, 770–71

divine, 851, 1158

Elihu on, 769–72

festivals compared to, 1308

free will and, 1499–1500

of kings, 840–41

as purification, 887–88

restoration of, 779

retributive, 307–8

social, 2166–67, 2294

of suffering, 814–15

violence and, 1342–43

in world, 863–64

k

kabbalists, 2272

Kadesh‐barnea (Mount Sinai), 250

Kedar, 1151–52

ketubah (marriage license), 1399–1400

“Ketubim” (Writings), 583, 2253

Keturah, 586

Ketuvim, 2236

Kimchi, David (Radak), 2266, 2272

kingdom, 1458, 1786, 1810, 1829, 1836–37, 1846, 1891; see also Northern Kingdom; Southern Kingdom

King James Version, 2252

Kings, Books of, 493–582, 642, 1159–61

Deuteronomistic History and, 318–19, 493–94, 512–13, 520–21, 552

king(s), 274, 279, 334, 463, 611, 889, 923, 1001, 1261, 1289, 1325, 1668, 2224; see also Ecclesiastes, Book of; monarchy

Davidic dynasty among, 360, 784

defeat of, 340–41

descendants of, 442–43

Divided Monarchy, 2294–95

elders and, 416, 455

God as, 309, 801, 821, 861, 863, 899–900

of the Jews, 1861, 1913

Jews as, 1579–80

justice of, 840–41

last, of Judah, 672–73

lions and, 928, 1338

love of, 962–63

promises of, 864–65

request from, 898–99

rescue of, 794–96

righteousness of, 1021–22

as shepherds, 464, 491, 848, 1224

survey of, 1108–9

trees and, 1000, 1029

victory of, 797–98

wedding of, 819–20

wisdom of, 1110, 1457–58

worship of, 1413, 1585

king's court, in Babylonian exile, 1250–51

kingship, 423–29, 634, 636–37; see also king(s)

King's Pool, 696

kiss, 766, 785, 935, 2059, 2075, 2118

kitchens, sacrificial, 1243

knowledge, 1278, 1407, 1459, 1462, 1501, 1524, 1536, 2226, 2284

of Christ, 2102–3

of God, 89, 895, 1281, 1715–16, 2193–94

about gods, 2047–48

love and, 2046–47

Kohathites, 194–95, 592, 594

Korahites, 781, 817

Korah's rebellion, 215–16

L

Laban, 53–56

labor, 950–51; see also trades

Lachish, 567–68

Lamb, Jesus as, 2211–12, 2214, 2220–21, 2226–27, 2230

lamb, Passover, 671, 2256

Lamentations, 1147, 1163–74, 2295

laments, 1058–59, 1091–94, 1098, 1163, 1326, 1333; see also psalms

lampstands, 121, 202, 1360, 1514, 2206

land, 3, 181–82, 184, 213–14, 346–47, 350, 1223, 1245, 1317

division of, in Joshua, 341–42, 345–53

idealized distribution of, 1241, 1244–46

for priests, 1245–46

for princes, 1241, 1243

progeny and, covenants of, 184, 355–56

promise of, 868–70, 873–74

property as, 114–15, 1491

redemption of, 1125, 1133

Transjordan distribution of, 238–40, 342–43

land barons, 1327

land division, 341–42, 345–53

land ideology, 323

landscape, poetic, 961

Langton, Stephen, 2270–71

languages, 26, 144, 1639, 1778, 1960; see also Greek; Hebrew

body, 913, 926

of Hebrew Bible, 2244, 2246–49

Laodicea, 2111

Last Supper, 1822, 1909–10, 1915, 2051–52

Latin, 2244, 2249

Latin America, 2284–85

Latin New Testament (Vulgate), 2246, 2268

Latter Prophets, 493, 971–72; see also Isaiah, Book of

laughter, of Sarah, 35–36

law of retaliation (lex talionis), 114–16, 1790

Lawrence, D. H., 2205

law(s), 4, 98, 196, 263, 269, 278–79, 289, 315, 324, 1307, 1443, 2078, 2081; see also dietary laws; impurity rules

about approach to sanctuary, 217–18

book of, 574, 576, 645, 669, 705

case, 112–14

of circumcision, 3, 2008–9, 2070, 2072

for community, 304

curse of, 2082–83

Deuteronomy as, 250

God related to, 256–57

grandeur of, 880–81

immortality of, 1733

Jesus on, 1788–99, 1841–42, 1889, 2258

joy and, 1683–84

judgment in, 2169–70

justification and, 1435

legal corpus, 248, 270

for life in land, 213–14

love and, 880–81, 2030, 2086–87

about marriage, 286–90

Matthias and, 1586, 1588

of Moses, 323, 2083, 2263

of nature, 1758–60

of nazirite, 198–99

Noachide, 22, 24

Paul on, 1969–70

Pentateuch as, 669

prophets and, 1900

of public officials, 278

Purim and, 720–21, 724, 726

about sabbath, 214, 2264

sin and, 1506, 2021

about slavery, 5, 2255

social harmony and, 289–90

survival related to book of, 705

against synagogues, 1695

Torah as, 3, 9–10, 686, 929

wickedness and, 784

about witnesses, 278–79

about women, 284–85

words as, 1484

Laws of Hammurabi, 256

lawsuits, 1073–74, 1171, 2042–43

against God, 744–45, 747, 758, 765, 778, 1093

against Israel, 1288–89, 1332–33

laying on of hands, 202, 233, 311–13, 1967, 2128–29

Lazarus, raising of, 1938–39

laziness, 913, 932

leaders, 375, 619, 1086, 1492, 1538, 1983, 1995, 2117, 2123, 2165; see also Zerubbabel

corruption of, 1328–29

from David, 615–23, 630

of tribes, 199–200

leadership, 393; see also king(s)

transfer of, to Joshua, 233, 302–3, 311–12

Lebanon, 1103, 1367, 1745

cedars of, 983, 1032–33, 1060, 1344

lectionaries, 2242

leech, 942

legitimacy, 353–54, 2047–48

Lemuel, 942–43

leprosy, 162, 208, 210, 546–48, 550

healing of, 1793, 1832, 1876–77, 1902

Letter of Aristeas, 2249, 2298

Letter of Jeremiah. See Jeremiah, Letter of

letters, 651, 1384, 1626–27, 1648–49, 2009–10; see also Epistles

Letters/Epistles of the New Testament, 2009–10

Levant, 2287–88, 2290

Levi, 58–59, 78, 592, 1877

Levi (tribe), 310, 1665, 1755

Leviathan, 744, 777–78, 1014, 1570

levirate marriage, 65, 231, 291, 398, 401–3, 1394, 1398

resurrection and, 1853–54, 1907

Levites, 90, 131, 182, 280, 292, 592, 618, 661, 687, 712, 1239, 1671

as assistants to priests, 280

census of, 190, 193–95, 232

dedication to, 202–3

disputation against, 1372–73

duties and dues of, 202, 267, 670

as firstborn substitutes, 193, 244

genealogies of, 192, 710

as priests, 279–80, 294, 663–64, 1662

return of, 677–78

sacrifices and, 1239–40

separation of, 191, 202, 244

Levitical cities (cities of refuge), 244, 258, 281–82, 350, 352, 594

levitical priesthood, 279–80, 294

Leviticus, Book of, 143–86, 187, 2250

lex talionis (law of retaliation), 114–16, 1790

liberation, of poor, 2284–85

liberation theology, 2284–85

Liesveldt, Jacob van, 1381

life, 12, 213–14, 1468, 1551, 1555, 1728, 1962, 2129

book of, 1273, 2220, 2228

in Christ, 2020–21

enjoyment and, 952, 956

of idols, 1560–61

law with, 880–81

new and old, 2094–95

obedience and, 1771–72

old and new, 2092, 2109

in Spirit, 2022–23

tree of, 910, 1482–83, 2230

Life of Moses (Philo), 1777

light, 11–12, 803, 914, 1474, 1556

darkness compared to, 759, 774, 912, 958, 1920

lightening, 95, 530, 772

lilies, 965, 967, 1893–94

Lilith, 1025

Lindbeck, George, 2287

lions, 385, 522, 535, 987, 1021, 1077, 1288, 1338, 1340, 1737

of Judah, 1017–18, 1200

kings and, 928, 1338

pit of, 1261–62, 1579–80

literacy, 2273, 2304–5

literary history, 82, 248–49, 1956

literature, 11, 188–89, 729, 1395, 2298

rabbinic, 2236, 2262–63

types of, in Apocrypha, 1382–84

liturgy, 680, 1405, 2270

loans, 289, 699–700, 913, 939, 1517–18; see also debt

local law, 278

locusts, 1291–95, 1309–10, 1339, 1375, 1786, 2215

as eighth plague in Egypt, 95–96

Logos (Word), 1920, 2189

loincloth story, 1094–95

Lombard, Peter, 2271

London Polyglot, 2274

longevity, 909, 954, 1066

Lord, 669, 677, 1061, 1065, 2099; see also Day of the Lord

Cyrus the Great and, 1034–35, 1040–42, 1044, 1156

Jesus as, 1851, 1870

praise the, 901–3

Lord's Prayer, 1791, 1890

Lord's Supper, 1822, 2051–52

lost sheep, 1809

Lot, 30–31, 253, 398, 1463

lots, 332–33, 421, 1867, 1959; see also divination; Purim, feast of; Urim and Thummim

love, 268, 386, 388, 455, 828, 893, 962, 969, 1879, 2036, 2158, 2163, 2201

Beloved Disciple, 1917–18, 1942–43, 1950–51, 1953

of Christ, 2024

commandment, 1816, 2190, 2196

command to, 2175, 2188, 2269

as conquest, 965–66

of David, 434–35

of Davidic dynasty, 856

of disciples, 1943–44

God and, 878–79, 1372, 2075

for Israelites, 2025

judgment related to, 2192

of kings, 962–63

knowledge and, 2046–47

law and, 880–81, 2030, 2086–87

loyalty as, 260, 262, 302, 437, 481, 794

mutual, 2163, 2195–96

of neighbor, 1790, 1854

obedience and, 2086

praise of, 2053–54

prayer for, 2093–94

of righteousness, 1451–52

salvation related to, 2192–93

love poetry, 961–70

lovers, 962–63, 967; see also Song of Solomon

Lowth, Robert, 2274, 2280

loyalty, 264, 326, 447, 741, 822, 1695, 1953

to God, 261–62, 268–69, 272–73, 793, 801

love as, 260, 262, 302, 437, 481, 794

of Ruth, 399–402

Luke, 1865, 1955–57, 1958

Luke, Gospel According to, 1778–79, 1865–1916, 1955, 2111

Luther, Martin, 715, 1479, 2165–66, 2272

Lutheran Bibles, 2147

LXX. See Septuagint

Lysias, 1593, 1598–1600, 1648, 1653

M

Maccabean revolt, 1249, 1382, 1409, 1413, 1420, 1551, 1582, 1588, 1855–56

Maccabees, 1625

Maccabees, First (Book of), 1383–85, 1581–1624

Maccabees, Fourth (Book of), 1383, 1639, 1751–73

Maccabees, Second (Book of), 1383–85, 1625–59

Maccabees, Third (Book of), 1383, 1626, 1691–1705

Macedonia, 1086, 2063, 2099

madness, 439, 553

Magi (wise men), 1784–85

magicians, 92–93, 2136, 2305

Magnus, Albertus, 2271

Maher‐shalal‐hash‐baz, 991–92

Maimonides, 2266

Malachi, 1357

Malachi, Book of, 1371–76

male‐centered language, 144

male prostitutes, 524, 577

Manasseh, 76–77, 80, 190, 231, 240, 370, 587, 596; see also Zelophehad's daughters

land for, 238, 240, 346–47

Manasseh (king), 317, 573, 574, 667, 668, 1098, 1685

Manasseh (tribe), 324

Manasseh, Prayer of, 668, 1384, 1685–87

manna, 105–6, 205–6, 1472

Manoah, 384

manumission, 181, 275–76, 1129, 2043, 2143–45

Marcion, 2131, 2240, 2267–68

Marduk, 1158, 1250, 1433, 1578–80

Mark, 1830, 1836, 1860–61, 1865, 2179

Mark, Gospel According to, 1777–79, 1829–63

marriage license (ketubah), 1399–1400

marriages, 52, 285, 460, 640, 717–18, 911–12, 1075, 1925–26, 2072; see also intermarriage; levirate marriage

alliance, 646

betrothal, 1870

covenant of, 1194, 1374

of David, 432, 435, 455, 457–58, 469–70

feasting and, 1894

with God, 1052

husbands, 1513–14, 2095–96, 2110, 2176

inequality in, 1512–13

intertribal, 246

of Joseph and Mary, 1784

laws about, 286–90

rape and, 58

remarriage, 1848–49, 1900

restoration of, 1279

of Solomon, 500, 516–17, 713, 964, 1142, 1543

of virgins, 2045

Martha, 1890, 1938–39

Martyr, Justin, 1777–78, 2267

martyrdom, 1383, 1638, 1640, 2212–13, 2227

in 4 Maccabees, 1639, 1751, 1759–73

of Eleazar, 1701, 1759–60

of mother and seven sons, 1640–41, 1761–72

of Razis, 1656–57

of Stephen, 1967, 1970

of women, 1768–71

Mary, 1784, 1868, 1890, 1922, 1938, 1950

Mary Magdalene, 1826, 1882, 1951–52

Mary of Bethany, 1940

Masada, 1480, 2289

maskilim (wise ones), 1249–50, 1272

Masoretic Text (MT), 1069–70, 1119, 1143–44, 2243–44

Master. See Christ; Jesus

matriarchs, 8, 29, 33, 38–39, 402

matrilineal descent, 1986

Mattathias, 1382, 1586, 1588–89

Matthew, 1959

Matthew, Gospel According to, 1777–79, 1781–1827, 1865, 2259

Matthew's Bible, 2251–52

meat, 915, 917, 1792, 2046–47, 2050

Media, 1007, 1254, 1410–11; see also Cyrus

medicine, 1397

medieval commentators, 2265–66

megadoxology, 781

megalodoxos, 1702

Megillot (festival scrolls), 945, 961

bar Meir, Samuel (Rashbam), 2265

Melchizedek, 31–32, 876

Memphis, 1141, 1218

Menahem, 562–63

Mendenhall, George, 2283

Menelaus, 1634–36, 1649, 1653, 1654, 2299

menstruation, 36, 55, 175, 368, 985, 1165, 1561

impurity of, 161, 167–68

Mephibosheth, 437, 443, 453, 459, 466, 476, 482, 485

Merarites, 195–96, 199, 592, 594

mercenaries, 655–56

mercy, 212, 442, 721, 876, 1020, 1287, 1323, 1400–1401, 1439, 1502, 1643, 2062

punishment and, 807, 1451

for sinners, 1685–86, 1728–30

mercy seat, 120, 169, 202

Merodach‐baladan, 1031

Mesopotamia, 9, 2276, 2287, 2289–90

Mesopotamian love poetry, 961

messengers, 922, 1050, 1106, 1337; see also spies

from John the Baptist, 1797–98

prophets as, 1354, 1374

messenger speech, 971–72

Messiah (Anointed), 979, 1793, 1800, 1873, 1932, 1997, 2188, 2258; see also Jesus

in 2 Esdras, 1724, 1739, 1741

from Davidic dynasty, 1961

predictions of, 1963

messianic poem, in Micah, 1330–31

metals, 1185, 1253, 1374, 1725, 2170

Meunites, 648

mezuzah, 262

Micah, 389–90, 1115–16, 1325

Micah, Book of, 1325–34

Micaiah, 536–38

Michael, 1266, 1269, 1273, 2199–2200, 2218

Michaelis, J. D., 2274

Middle Ages, Christian premodern interpretation in, 2270–71

Midian, 237–38

Midianites, 64, 85, 371, 374–75, 852

Midrashim, 2264–66

midwives, 84

mikveh (ritual bath), 168

military, 619, 634, 797–98, 1071–72, 2302

sexual abstinence of, 288, 468

ministry, 1979–83, 1986

in Capernaum, 1794–95, 1831–32

Galilean, 1787–88, 1874–75

Minor Prophets, 1275

miracles, 542–50, 559–60, 1829, 1993, 2082; see also feeding; healing

Miriam, 84, 1332

leprosy of, 208, 210, 548

Song of, 103–5

Mishnah, 2264

misogyny, in Ecclesiasticus, 954–55

missionaries, 2142, 2267

missions, 1796, 1797, 1888–89, 1956; see also Corinth

mixed marriage. See intermarriage

Mizpah, 415

Moab, 187, 224–26, 228–29, 465

downfall of, 1002–3, 1013

judgment on, 1148

oracle against, 1146–49, 1302

war against, 543–44

Moabite Mesha Stele, 1002

Moabites, 590, 688

Moabite Stone, 543

Moabite women, 229–30; see also Ruth, Book of

Modein, 1654

Molech/Moloch (Canaanite deity), 516, 577, 1126

monarchial period, 188–89, 416, 418

monarchy, 317; see also king(s); United Monarchy

Divided, 2294–95

Judahite, 584

money, 557–58, 793, 1367, 1560, 1621, 1907, 1962

for sacrifices, 1630–31

wisdom and, 953–54

moneychangers, 1814, 1852, 1922, 1924

monogamy, 912–13

monotheism, 258, 308, 412, 487, 2267

monsters, 1737, 2215–16; see also beasts; dragons

moon, 328, 337, 437

calendar and, 1537

new moon sacrifices, 234–35

moral action, 1085

moral duties, 285–86

morality, 791, 1461

moral strength, 1454

Mordecai, 718–23

Ahasuerus and, 1436, 1442–44, 1446

dream of, 1433, 1447

Esther and, 1435–36, 1438–39

power of, 724–25, 727

mosaic, 2270

Moses, 3, 7, 324, 330, 518–19, 1376, 1464, 1755, 2256, 2273, 2298; see also Torah

Aaron and, 208, 210, 869

Abraham compared to, 36, 1539

in Acts, 1968–69, 1984

ark of the covenant and, 141

blessings of, 158, 303, 309–11

body of, 2200

call of, 85–87

Christ and, 2027

as covenant mediator, 111, 130–31, 134, 1097

covenant with, 90, 1092

in Dead Sea Scrolls, 2300

death of, 302–13

as Deuteronomy author, 302–3

early life of, 84–85

Elijah compared to, 532

as Exodus author, 81

Ezra and, 1712, 1742

face of, 2260–61

faith of, 2160

historical review from, 250–51

in Hosea, 1288–89

as intercessor, 210–11

Jeremiah and, 1554

Jesus compared to, 1788, 1807, 1886–87, 1920, 1929, 1931, 2151, 2259

Jonah compared to, 1320

Jonathan and, 390–91

Joshua as parallel to, 323–24, 330, 334

Judas Maccabeus compared to, 1596

Judith compared to, 1410

law of, 323, 2083, 2263

as mediator, 261

Miriam and Aaron against, 208, 210

on Mount Sinai, 4, 109, 267

Paul compared to, 2064–65

Pharaoh and, 89

plagues and, 91–97

as prophet, 86, 206, 280–81, 309, 312–13

return of, to Egypt, 88

Samuel compared to, 423

as servant, 1051, 1463

seventy elders and, 207–8

signs from, 87–88

sin of, 221–22

Song of, 303, 305–8, 1626

staff of, 107

in tabernacle, 202

theophanies with, 82, 86–88, 109, 117

trust in, 110

mother(s), 942–43, 1153, 1710–11, 1734

of seven martyrs, 1640–41, 1761–72

mountains, 1183, 1226–27, 1345, 1852

Mount Carmel, 530, 543, 1145, 1312, 2288

Mount Gerizim, 377–78

Mount Hermon, 2288

Mount Nebo, 311–12

Mount of Olives, 1818, 1851, 1858, 1909–11

Mount Sinai/Horeb, 4, 86, 109, 250, 309, 532, 630, 706, 1683, 2263

covenant in, 105

departure from, 205

Hagar as, 2085

second ascent on, 267

Mount Zion, 605, 820–21, 1352, 2220

mourning, 284–85, 412, 765, 1087, 1108, 1164, 1508, 1561

priests in, 1292–93

by prophets, 1209–10

signs of, 458–59, 472, 476, 536, 569, 721, 1028, 1083, 1100, 1123, 1747

MT. See Masoretic Text

Muilenberg, James, 2280

Muratorian Canon, 2165, 2181, 2240

murder, 17–18, 22, 24, 284, 377, 392, 444, 1425

avenger for, 244, 473–74

commandment against, 111–13

of priests, 439–40

music, 420, 431, 544, 894, 959, 1344–46; see also singers

in Gibeon, 608–9

transformation from, 1477, 1689

musical instruments, 105, 606–7, 1255, 1428

mustard seed, 1802, 1896

mutual love, 2163, 2195–96

mysteries, 1252, 1695, 1836, 2039, 2058, 2091, 2093, 2107

mythology, 1215–16, 1220, 1428, 1764, 1983, 2218–19, 2279; see also monsters

of Canaan, 1000–1001

about creation, 2290

ritual and, 2278

N

Naaman, 546–48

Nabateans, 1595, 1650, 2073

Naboth, 535–36

Nachmanides (Moses bar Nachman), 2266

Nag Hammadi texts, 2279

Nahum, Book of, 1335–40

nakedness, 438, 1007, 1165, 1339, 1344

name(s), 719, 1066, 1711, 1964, 2099, 2291

in book of life, 2220

honor of, 1528

identity in, 1447, 1567

knowledge of, 2226

Naomi, 398–403

Naphtali, 311, 349, 368, 596, 1388

Nathan, 469, 496, 609, 610

Nathaniel, 1922

national assembly, 621, 638–39

national boundaries, 1244–45

national hubris, 1150

nationalism, 1958

nations, 33, 446, 835, 844, 864, 879, 1061, 1296, 1351, 1855; see also foreigners; foreign nations

divine promise and, 784–85

as enemies, 829–30, 1292

God over, 998, 1024

Holofernes against, 1412–13

idolatry of, 983, 1042–43

indictment against, 1525–26

Judah among, 1112–14

judgment on, 1349–50, 1821

oracles against, 1113–14, 1143–59, 1210–22, 1335, 1337–40, 1364–65

restoration of, 1060–61

speech against, 1300–1301

nation‐state, 2293

nature, 257, 1537–38, 1715, 1719–20, 1759

law of, 1758–60

in Proverbs, 729–30

Nazarenes, 2000

Nazareth, 1874–75

Nazirites, 406–7, 1303–4, 1591–92, 1991

vow of, 198–99, 384

Nebuchadnezzar (Nebuchadrezzar) (king), 579, 673, 677, 1069, 1106, 1113, 1130, 1211, 1255, 1409, 1413, 2295

alliances of, 1411

Arab tribes and, 1151–52

in Daniel, 1250, 1253–60, 1568

dream of, 1253–58

in Judith, 1409–13

oracles on, 1144, 1217–18

sword of, 1204–5

Neco, 671, 1146

necromancy, 599, 992

Negeb, 2289

Nehemiah, 675–76, 712, 1627, 1629, 1672, 1683, 1707; see also Ezra‐Nehemiah

as rebuilder of Jerusalem's walls, 693, 695–701

Nehemiah, Book of, 317–18, 693–714, 2254–55

neighbors, 285–86, 679–83, 1790, 1854

Nephilim, 19

Nero, 1829, 2219, 2302

Nevi'im (Prophets), 2236

new covenant, 2064–65

New Criticism, 2281, 2286

The New English Bible, 2253

new Israel, 1835, 2177

new Jerusalem, 1053, 2004, 2010, 2026, 2028–29

new moon, 437

new moon sacrifices, 234–35

New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), 144, 208, 377, 1338, 1342, 1573, 2239, 2246, 2251, 2254

New Testament, 1385, 1710, 2249, 2257–58

canon of, 2235, 2239–41

Christian premodern Bible interpretation, 2266–74

redaction criticism of, 2278

source criticism of, 2275–76

textual criticism of, 2245–46

Vulgate as, 2246, 2268

New Testament Jewish scriptures interpretation, 2257–61

Nicanor, 1601–2, 1641–43, 1654–58

Nicholas of Lyra, 2271

Nicodemus and Jesus, 1924, 1926, 1933, 1941, 1951

Nile River, 1464, 2287

nineteenth to mid‐twentieth centuries bible interpretation, 2274–80

ancient world recovery and, 2276

Dead Sea Scrolls and, 2279

ethnography and, 2277

form criticism in, 2276–77

historical‐critical method in, 2274

Nag Hammadi texts in, 2279

redaction criticism and, 2278

sociology and, 2277–78

source criticism in, 2274–76

text discoveries between world wars, 2278–79

Nineveh, 1321–23, 1335, 1337–40, 1350, 1408, 1800

Noachide laws, 22, 24

Noadiah, 701

Noah, 9, 19, 22, 24–25, 34, 403, 585, 2184–85

non‐gods, 306–7

non‐priestly complaints, 205–6

non‐priestly literature, 188

nonsacrificial slaughter, 171

northern campaigns, 335, 339–40

Northern Kingdom, 46, 56, 62, 363, 495, 517, 523–24, 527, 677, 846, 1206, 1275, 1366; see also Hosea, Book of; Israel; Samaria

destruction of, 1544

Ephraim as, 1122, 1280–81

fall of, 523, 1410

prophecy of fall of, 523

proposal for, 638–39

Noth, Martin, 2278, 2282

NRSV. See New Revised Standard Version

Numbers, 189–91

Numbers, Book of, 187–246

numbers, symbolic, 543, 554, 641, 851, 1958, 2213, 2220

seven, 234–35, 263, 330–31, 533, 859, 870–71, 881, 934, 1268, 1768, 1967, 2204, 2207, 2209–11, 2213–14, 2216–18, 2220, 2224, 2229

twelve, 352, 363, 1835, 1878, 2229

numerical Proverbs, 941–42

Nympha, 2110, 2111

O

oath(s), 197, 260, 436, 447, 473, 496, 761, 787–88

Obadiah, 529–30

Obadiah, Book of, 1315–18

Obed, 402–3

obedience, 183, 268, 634, 639, 815, 861, 1048, 1128, 2013, 2086, 2106

of Abraham, 2082

consequences of, 184, 295–96

to God, 2151–52, 2163

life and, 1771–72

as submission, 2139–40

obligations, 273–74, 838–41, 923, 1035, 1058

offering(s), 119, 838, 1241–43, 2032–33

of dedication, 199–200

grain, 146–47, 151, 153, 213

guilt, 151, 196, 414, 923, 1682

ordination, 155–57

reparation, 145–52, 154, 165

sin, 126, 150–51, 684–85, 2022, 2067

well‐being, 145, 148, 173, 915

OG. See Old Greek

Oholah, 1206

Oholibah, 1206–8

oil, 891, 1361

Old Greek (OG), 1565, 1573, 1577

olive trees, 1360–61

Omri, 319, 522, 526–27, 534

Onan, 65

Onesimus, 2143–45

Onias, 1614, 1630–32, 1657–58, 1756–57

Ophrah, 372

opponents, 750–51

oppositions, 1451–52, 1522

oppression, 827–28, 950–51; see also persecution

oracle(s), 226–28, 410, 420, 501, 573, 576, 850, 941, 980, 1070, 1079, 1328

against Ammon, 1149–50, 1302

on Babylon, 998–99, 1152, 1159

on Davidic dynasty, 994–95, 1107–8

against Edom, 1150–51, 1225–26, 1297, 1302, 1315

against Egypt, 1140–41, 1144–46, 1216–22, 1297

Gog of Magog, 1229–32, 2288

in Isaiah, 980, 993–94, 998–99, 2275

against Israel, 1303–4, 1311–13

against Moab, 1146–49, 1210

on mountains, 1226–27

against nations, 1113–14, 1143–59, 1210–22, 1335, 1337–40, 1364–65

on Nebuchadnezzar, 1144, 1217–18

against Philistines, 1146, 1210–11, 1302

of restoration, 1127–28, 1313, 1363–64

against Tyre, 1211–14

woe, 986, 994, 1004–5, 1015–20, 1022–23

of Zechariah, Book of, 1357–64

oral communication, 1751, 2009, 2118, 2304–5

oral tradition, Gospels and, 1779

order, 718, 776–77, 957, 1011, 2075

ordination offering, 155–57

Origen, 1449, 1581, 2147, 2181, 2199, 2205, 2239, 2241

allegories of, 2268–69

original sin, 824

Othniel, 345, 362, 366

oven analogy, 1282–83

overwhelm, 967–68

ownership, 831, 924, 1223; see also land

ox yoke, 1116–18

Oxyrhynchus Papyri, 2276, 2279

p

P (source of Pentateuch), 5–6

Paine, Thomas, 2273

pains, 1095–96; see also suffering

palace, 508, 515–16, 821

Paleo‐Hebrew, 2247

Palestine, 2248; see also Canaan; Israel; Judah

Palestinian canon, 2236

pantheon, 257

Papias, 1778, 2187, 2195

papyri, 2276, 2279

parable(s), 1802–3, 1809, 1835, 1837, 1878, 1896–97, 1900, 1903, 1937

of dishonest manager, 1899 of end‐time, 1820, 1837

of Good Samaritan, 1889–90 of lost sheep, 1809, 1898

of prodigal son, 1898–99

of rich fool, 1893

of sower, 1801, 1836, 1882–83

of ten pounds, 1904–5

of unfruitful fig tree, 1895

of vineyard, 1814–15, 1906

of wicked tenants, 1853

paradise, 1731, 1913, 2073

parallelism, 11, 323–24, 330, 731–32

parents, 930, 939–40, 941–42, 1484

Pashur, 1105, 1131

passion, 749, 1487, 1761–62, 1779, 1782, 1845–48, 1850; see also crucifixion; Jesus

Passover, festival of, 97–99, 178, 203, 234, 276–77, 329–30, 720–21

Hezekiah and, 661–63

of Jesus, 1821–22, 1857–58, 1918–19, 1929, 1949

Josiah and, 578, 670–71, 1662–63

by returnees, 685, 1676–77

Passover lamb, 671, 2256

Pastoral Epistles, 2009, 2123

paternity, 914

patience, 741

patriarchs, 1538–39

patriarchy, 974, 2106, 2285

patrons, 2041, 2116

Paul (Saul of Tarsus), 10, 29, 1988, 1998, 2071–72, 2082, 2087, 2113–15, 2137, 2173, 2304; see also Corinthians, First Letter of Paul to; Corinthians, Second Letter of Paul to; Romans, Letter of Paul to

2 Peter and, 2181, 2185

accusation against, 2065–66, 2068–69, 2074

before Agrippa II, 2002–3

as apostle, 1959, 2062, 2072, 2077

as apostle to the Gentiles, 2077, 2079–81

arrest of, 1997

in Athens, 1989–90

authority of, 2071, 2078–79

biblical interpretation by, 2260–61

blessing from, 2062–63, 2088

in Christ, 2061–62, 2100

conversion of, 1973, 2003

Corinth mission of, 1990–91, 1994, 2035–36

in Damascus, 1973–74

death of, 2102, 2119, 2136

epistles of, 2009–10 “farewell” address of, 1995

forgiveness of, 2061, 2063–64

Holy Spirit and, 1992–93

in Jerusalem, 1996–99, 2011, 2079–80

journey to Rome of, 2001–7

Judaism of, 1996–97

on law, 1969–70

Luke and, 1865, 1955–57

ministry of, 1979–83, 1986

Moses compared to, 2064–65

Pastoral Epistles and, 2123

Peter compared to, 1982–83, 1984, 2081

thanksgiving by, 2012, 2037

view of circumcision, 2086, 2102

on women, 2127

peace, 230, 642–45, 653, 726, 899, 969–70, 1118–19, 1320, 1758

for Jerusalem, 886–87

peasant societies, 2283

Pekahiah, 563, 994, 1282

penitential psalms, 824–25, 866–967

penitential theology, 1414

Pentateuch, 3–4, 38, 248–49, 321, 398, 402, 560, 669, 703, 1683, 2235

compilation and redaction of, 5–6, 248–49

reinterpretation of, 690–91

Pentecost, 234, 277, 292, 1390, 1652, 1959–60; see also Shavuot

Peregrinus, 2257

Perez, 402–3

perfection, 2150

persecution, 1749, 1796–97, 1908, 1945, 1973, 1978, 2114–15, 2120, 2161

in Egypt, 1691, 1695–99

Persia, 699, 707, 1254, 1270; see also Babylon

Persian Empire, 999–1000

Persian period, 2295–97

Pesharim, 2262–63, 2300

peshat, 2265

Pesikta de Rab Kahana, 945

pestilence, 307, 490

Peter (Simon), 1787–88, 1831, 1875, 1953, 1960–62, 1974, 2009, 2183

arrest of, 1963–64

confession of, 1806, 1886

death of, 2181–83

defense of, 1976–77

denial of Jesus by, 1859–60, 1910, 1911, 1948

Paul compared to, 1982–83, 1984, 2081

Peter, First Letter of, 2173–79

Peter, Second Letter of, 2181–85

petition, 1342–43

Phalaris, 1700

Pharaoh(s), 75, 518–19, 671, 1146, 1220–21, 1476, 2291–93

hardened heart of, 1363

Moses and, 89

Pharisees, 1782, 1833, 1877, 1881–82, 1892, 1903, 1984, 2102, 2301; see also scribe(s)

blind man and, 2257–58

denunciation of, 1816–17

Sadducees and, 1806, 1924, 1999

Philemon, Letter of Paul to, 2143–45

Philip, 1641, 1645, 1653–54, 1972, 1996

Philip II of Macedon, 1583

Philippi, 1987, 2099

Philippians, Letter of Paul to, 2099–2104

Philip V, 1602

Philistines (Philistia), 101, 254, 342, 380, 424–28, 605, 1017, 1365, 2293

ark of the covenant and, 412–14, 848

David and, 440–41, 446–49, 458, 460, 462, 465, 486, 610–13

oracles against, 1146, 1210–11, 1302

Samson and, 383–88

Philo of Alexandria, 1753, 1770, 1777, 2035, 2264, 2267

philosophy, 2298–99, 2305–6; see also Stoic philosophers

Greco‐Roman, 1752–53, 1761, 1767

Phinehas, 230, 237, 1586, 1588, 1772

Phoebe, 2033, 2303

Phoenicians, 504–5, 2288, 2293

phoenix, 763

phylacteries, 100, 262, 1817, 2220

physicians, 1529, 1865

piety, 990, 1305, 1419, 1485, 1495–96, 2141

Pilate, Pontius, 1693, 1872, 1895

Jesus before, 1823–25, 1860, 1912, 1948–49

pilgrimage, 625, 844, 1931

pilgrimage festivals, 1389

pilgrimage hymns, 886–87

pillars, 117, 132, 133, 193–94, 508–9, 524, 2210

in Ezekiel, 1211–12, 1235

of fire, 102, 1063–64

plagues, 869–70, 1306, 1345, 1370, 1450–51, 1472

blood as first, 92

boils as sixth, 94

darkness as ninth, 96, 1473

death of firstborn as tenth, 88, 99–101, 1474

disease of animals as fifth, 94, 1471

flies as fourth, 93

frogs as second, 92

gnats as third, 93

hail as seventh, 94–95

locusts as eighth, 95–96

ten, 91–101

Plato, 1450, 1764, 1851, 2056, 2156, 2304

pledges, 236, 707–8, 712, 714; see also oath(s); vows

plowing, 1287

plunder, 263, 364, 580, 610, 659, 725, 1107, 1445; see also ḥerem

Plutarch, 1770, 2306

poems, 188, 223–24, 369, 762–63, 1207–8, 1330–31, 1556–58

poetical books, 729–33, 972

poetry, 77–79, 407–8, 455, 782, 1069, 1163, 1689, 2279, 2298; see also acrostics

biblical, 730–32

love, 961–70

Song of Solomon as, 961–62

pollution, 1186–87

Polybius, 1600, 1609, 1692

pomegranates, 1160

poor, 408, 758–59, 763–64, 792, 816, 875–76, 940, 1481, 2046, 2081

Amos and, 1300, 1303

injustice to, 928, 984, 1080–81

liberation of, 2284–85

obligations to, 838–41, 923, 1035, 1058

poor against, 938–39

tithe to, 292–93

portion, 897

possessions, 1965; see also land

postcolonial criticism, 974

postcolonial hermeneutics, 2285

postcritical interpretation, 2286–87

Postel, Guillaume, 2272

postexilic community, Torah and, 2296–97

postexilic Jerusalem, 704–5, 2255

postexilic Judah, 598, 679–83

intermarriage in, 688–92, 713, 1680–81

postexilic Judaism, 1414, 1446

postexilic period, 1112, 1679

postexilic psalms, 865–66, 872–73, 888, 892

postmodernism, 2282, 2287

postures, 1181

Potiphar, 64, 66

potter, metaphor of, 1102–4

poverty, 116, 182, 289, 853–54, 918; see also poor

power, 724–25, 727, 778, 845, 939, 1490, 1838, 1850, 1883, 2141

of God, 743, 760, 892, 895, 955, 1042–44, 1156, 2039, 2074–75, 2090

human beings and, 808, 1033–34

of idols, 1559–62

wisdom and, 931, 1252–53

praise, 792, 805, 808, 835, 876, 1510–11, 1538, 1669, 1686–87

of creation, 1531–32

from elements, 1569–70

of God, 1262–63

hymn of, 1569–70

the Lord, 901–3

of love, 2053–54

of nature, 1537–38

for victory, 879–80

prayers, 1057, 1262, 1294, 1421, 1509, 1575, 1670, 1724, 1858, 1964, 1987, 2106; see also specific individuals

acceptable forms of, 1283, 2127

of Christian community, 1964

communal, 705–6

for death, 1392–93

for deliverance, 1526–27

for Israel, 1526–27

Lord's Prayer, 1791, 1890

for love, 2093–94

insiege, 1418–20

in Temple of Solomon, 511–13

for thanksgiving, 2089–92

predestination, 2090

predictions, 651, 1717–18, 1939, 1963, 2200–2201

of Christianity, 1708, 1710–12

of passion, 1845–48, 1850

pride, 265, 657, 1095, 1168, 1214–15, 1316, 1343, 1492–93

priesthood, 279–80, 294, 1612; see also high priesthood

of Aaron, 216–18, 1539–40, 1671

priestly blessing, 199, 806, 835

priestly complaints, 205

priestly families, women of, 153

priestly law violations, 98

Priestly literature, 188–89

Priestly source. See P

priestly vestments, 123–25, 139, 152–53, 155–56

priests, 189, 198, 292, 389, 415, 640, 685, 709, 1068, 1072, 1128, 1348, 1490, 1540, 2294; see also Aaron; Azariah (Uzziah); Azariah, Prayer of; sacrifice

Aaronide, 279–80, 594, 611, 616, 1671

anointing of, 153, 156

compensation for, 127, 177, 218

consecration of, 125–26, 144, 155–56

covenant related to, 2155

of David, 616–17

disputation against, 1372–73

exile related to, 673

firstborn related to, 218

first sacrifices by, 157–58

genealogies of, 710–11, 1672

of high places, 577, 607

indictment against, 1279–80

kings as, 463

land for, 1245–46

Levites as, 279–80, 294, 663–64, 1662

in mourning, 1292–93

murder of, 439–40

of nations, 1061

non‐Levites as, 466

offering consumption by, 153, 159

prayer for, 1294

prophets and, 1081, 1105

purification of, 714

restrictions of, 158, 176–77

in return, 678–79

sacristy chambers of, 1236–37

as spies, 476, 478

surface afflictions and, 162–63, 166

primeval history, 11–13

princes, 1109, 1239, 1241–43

Priscilla (Prisca), 1990, 2033, 2137

prisoners, 658–59, 991, 1697–98, 1966, 2007, 2227

escape of, 1978, 1987–88

female captives, 284–85

prodigal son, 1898–99

prohibitions, 22, 24, 174, 175, 211, 688, 1099–1100, 1104

Promised Land, 230–32, 238–40, 241, 243–44, 293–95

promise(s), 22, 435, 792, 830, 856, 859, 1098, 1129, 1189, 1226, 1352, 1359, 2068; see also covenant

to Abraham, 9–10, 27, 29, 34, 74–75, 1048–49, 2018, 2025, 2077–78

to David, 488, 511, 555–56, 609

of kings, 864–65

of land, 3, 868–70, 873–74

property, 114–15, 1491

prophecies, 207, 272, 280, 434, 436, 488, 668, 1084, 1304, 1312, 1384, 1407, 1593, 1859, 2201; see also Revelation to John

in ancient Near East, 971–72

Balaam and, 225–28

about Christianity, 2007

of destruction, 990–91

of Huldah, 576

idolatry as, 1369

against Israel, 1708–11

in Judith, 1416–17

madness related to, 439

against mercenaries, 655–56

Messiah and, 2258

music related to, 617

of Northern Kingdom fall, 523

of peace, 1320

against prisoners, 658–59

reconciliation of, 2256–57

of restoration, 1222–23

social‐scientific criticism of, 2283

speaking in tongues compared to, 2054–55

sword, 1203–5

visions as, 1336

writing of, 1120, 1159

Prophetic Books, 729, 971–75

Prophets (Nevi'im), 2236

prophet(s), 518, 522–23, 584, 623, 637, 642, 701, 972, 1304, 1892, 1996, 2272, 2294

Abraham as, 39, 869

in Babylonian exile, 1118–19

condemnation of, 1110

consultation and, 1193

against covenant, 650

David as, 2272

in Dead Sea Scrolls, 2258

false revelation of, 647

Jeroboam and, 521–22, 525–26

law and, 1900

as messengers, 1354, 1374

Miriam as, 105

Moses as, 86, 206, 280–81, 309, 312–13

mourning by, 1209–10

neglect of, 1074

persecution of, 2161

priests and, 1081, 1105

protection of, 1115

as sentinels, 1180–81, 1222–23, 1285

singers as, 649

Wisdom as, 908

The Prophets (Nevi˒im), 2253

proselytes, 1960, 1967, 1980

prosperity. See wealth

prostitutes, 65, 133, 387, 501–2, 524, 1010, 1280, 1338–39, 1560, 1637, 2043; see also whore

prostitution, 171, 289, 1195

protection, 196, 211, 213, 825, 851–52, 859, 909, 991, 1115, 1569, 2163

Protestantism, 1379–80, 2237, 2239, 2285

Proverbs, 420, 935–41, 946

of Solomon, 733, 905–7, 918–32, 935–41

wealth in, 918, 921–23, 927, 931–33

Proverbs, Book of, 729–31, 905–44, 1480

Psalm 1, 730

Psalm 6.2, 731

Psalm 23, 730–31

Psalm 78, 315–16

Psalm 106, 316

Psalm 121, 732

Psalm 151, 1689, 2249

psalms, 485–89, 729, 781–903, 1907, 1916, 2277, 2297

acrostics in, 789, 801–2, 808–9, 811, 876, 880–81, 899

of ascent, 885–92

blessings in, 816, 841, 858, 872, 891–92

communal laments, 782, 797–98, 818–19, 830–31, 842–43, 845, 848–53, 860–61, 878, 889, 894, 1063–65

covenant renewal, 823–24, 850–51, 856–58

David and, 607–8, 617, 733, 894–900, 1907, 1959

decalogue in, 823

doxologies in, 841, 858, 872, 901–3

enthronement, 821, 860, 863–64

genres of, 782–83

historical superscriptions in, 2262

hymns, 782, 788–89, 808, 860–64, 876–79, 892–93

individual laments, 782, 785–87, 791–94, 799–804, 806–7, 809–10, 813–16, 826–29, 833, 837–39, 837–40, 853–55, 865–67, 890

instructional, 784, 797, 811–12, 822, 825, 846–48, 876–77

Jesus and, 2259

penitential, 824–25, 866–67

petitionary, 782, 786–92, 794, 799–800, 835, 858, 873–75, 880–81, 885–87, 896–99

pilgrimage hymns, 886–87

postexilic, 865–66, 872–73, 888, 892

royal, 794–95, 840–41, 864–65, 875–76, 890–91

thanksgiving, 783, 794–95, 798, 805–7, 809, 815–16, 833–37, 843–44, 859–60, 872–73, 878–80, 887, 893–95, 1428–29

of trust, 791–92, 800–801, 803–4, 811, 825–26, 832, 859

vindictive, 783–84

Zion hymns, 820–24, 844, 852–54, 886–88, 891

Psalter, 783, 858, 877

pseudepigrapha, 2238

pseudepigraphy, 248

pseudo‐messiah, 1997

Ptolemais, 1704–5

Ptolemies, 1270–71, 1382, 1447, 1595, 1627, 1694–95

Ptolemy II Philadelphus, 2298

Ptolemy IV Philopator and 3 Maccabees, 1383, 1691–1705

Ptolemy V Epiphanes, 1703–4

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, 1622, 1624, 1699

Ptolemy VI Philometor, 1271, 1609–11, 1633, 1645

public officials, 278

punishment, 16, 212, 491, 839, 1282, 1284, 1296, 1344, 1464, 1475, 1532–33, 2200

for adultery, 1491

angels and, 739–40

of Canaan, 1465–66

communal, 1198–99

David and, 469–70, 613–14

death as, 154–55

of earth, 1011–12

of Egypt, 1467

from God, 16–17, 215–16, 429, 1086–87, 1170, 1174, 1181–83, 1719

gods related to, 304–5

of guilty, 1187–88

honor and, 848–49

of human beings, 1747–48

in Lamentations, 1163–64

mercy and, 807, 1451

of Nebuchadnezzar, 1258–59

of Ptolemy, 1694–95

of sexual offenses, 1510

vicarious, 259–60

of wickedness, 792, 843–44, 1499–1500

purification, 110, 164–65, 202, 219, 368, 711, 714, 887–88, 1628

of ark of the covenant, 168–70

of circumcision, 161–62

of intentional sin, 168–70

of Zion, 982–83

purification offerings, 148–51, 153–54

Purim, feast of, 715–16, 719, 723–26, 1445–47, 1658; see also Esther, Book of

Puritans, 1382

purple, as color, 1560, 1603

Purvey, John, 2251

Q

Q (Quelle), 1778–79, 2165, 2275–76

Qohelet. See Ecclesiastes, Book of

quails, manna and, 105–6

queen, 515, 572, 1141–43, 1260; see also Esther

Quelle. See Q

Qumran, 31, 783, 906, 1336, 1341, 1361, 1689, 2236, 2238, 2263, 2289, 2300

R

rabbi, 1817, 1822

rabbinic interpretation, 2264–65

rabbinic Judaism, 1385, 1752, 1782–83, 2235–36

rabbinic literature, 2236, 2262–63

Rabshakeh, 568–69, 1026–28

Rachel, 27, 52, 60, 62–63, 71–72, 1123, 1785

von Rad, Gerhard, 2278

Radak (David Kimchi), 2266, 2272

Rahab, 326–27, 331, 333, 1049, 2171, 2292

rains, 269, 296, 772–75, 804, 925, 1287, 1295; see also drought

Rameses II, 2291

Ramoth‐gilead, 536–38, 646

ransom, 237, 428, 822, 931

rape, 37, 58–59, 287, 471–72, 1050, 1165, 1574; see also Susanna

Raphael and Tobit, 1387, 1393–94, 1396–98, 1400–1404, 1567

Raphia, battle of, 1692, 1699

Rashbam (Samuel bar Meir), 2265

Rashi (Solomon bar Isaac), 2265, 2271

rationalism, 4, 1754

Razis, 1656–57

reader‐response criticism, 2281–82

reality, 11, 961, 1120, 1213

Rebekah, 27, 63, 1150

rebellion, 215–16, 285, 1201–3

recapitulation, 2090

Rechabites, 1128, 1130

reclamation, 1317

reconciliation, 2067, 2091, 2106, 2256–57

records, 139, 682, 1666

red, as color, 2212

redeemer, 933, 1036–38, 1154

redemption, 194, 402, 700, 1125, 1133, 1405, 2023–24

Red Sea, 102, 242, 1476–77, 1592

Reformation, 1381, 2272–73

reforms, 645, 647–48, 1664

of Hezekiah, 567, 659–64, 1026

of Josiah, 247, 539, 574, 578, 668–71, 1141

refuge, 806, 1468–69

Levitical cities as, 244, 258, 281–82, 350, 352, 594

regulations, 112, 117, 272, 1242

Rehoboam, 518–20, 523–24, 638–40, 2294

relationships, 2045–46, 2105, 2110

religion, 2305

religious studies, 2280

remarriage, 1848–49, 1900

remembrance, 108, 698, 701, 947, 949, 1173, 1538

remnant, 571, 1354

Renaissance, Christian premodern interpretation in, 2271–72

renewal, 823–24, 850–51, 856–58, 2066

of covenants, 226, 335, 356, 576–77, 644, 670, 1052–53, 1124, 1177

reparation offerings, 145–52, 154, 165

repatriation, 1228–29

repentance, 301, 380–81, 576, 668, 746, 939, 989, 1282, 1349, 1502, 1798, 1872

in Chronicles, 584–85, 659

creation and, 1500–1501

of David, 612–13

foreign wives and, 1681–82

of Ninevites, 1322–23

plea for, 1306–7

restoration for, 185, 640–41, 1057, 1075, 1290

sin and, 1501, 1506, 1685–86

repentance psalms, 824–25

reputation, 401, 953, 1495–96, 1499, 1533–34, 1576

rescue, 794–96, 885–86, 887; see also redemption; salvation

resident aliens, 251, 268, 277, 289

resistance, 1761–62

responsibility, 928, 1091–92

restoration, 677, 779, 997, 1006, 1060–61, 1110, 1120, 1278–79, 1334, 1847

of Israel, 1046, 1124–25

of Jerusalem, 697, 900, 985, 1196–97, 1329, 1659, 1661

oracles of, 1127–28, 1313, 1363–64

prophecies of, 1222–23

for repentance, 185, 640–41, 1057, 1075, 1290

of Temple of Solomon, 1232–36

Temple of Solomon finances for, 669, 679, 683–84

of Zion, 865–66, 1011, 1031–33, 1046–51, 1063

resurrection, 1228, 1273, 1639, 1930, 1981, 1989, 1999, 2036, 2056–58, 2153; see also Jesus

disciples and, 1915–16, 1952

levirate marriage and, 1853–54, 1907

salvation and, 1958, 2019, 2170–71

retribution, 665, 756, 769, 771, 1171, 1317

retributive justice, 307–8

return, 88, 473–74, 675–79, 684, 1024, 1099, 1358; see also Cyrus the Great

to Egypt, 581–82

of Jesus, 2114, 2116–17, 2119–21

tithes and, 1374–75

to Zion, 1025–26

returnees, 685, 688, 854, 888, 1121, 1676–77

list of, 677–79, 687, 702–3, 1670–72, 1678

Zerubbabel as leader of, 678–79, 683, 696, 1353–54, 1356, 1363, 1667, 1670, 1672

Reuben, 60, 62, 78, 200, 238–40, 310, 344, 590–91

Reuchlin, Johannes, 2272

Revelation, 1917, 2009–10, 2121, 2217, 2249

revelations, 259, 411, 647, 739, 1536, 2079, 2093, 2149, 2174

of scriptures, 1743–44

self‐, 915–17, 2218

of wrath, 2014–15

Revelation to John, 2203–31

revenge, 751, 930, 936

reverence, 907, 1080, 2250

Revised English Bible, 2253

Revised Standard Version (RSV), 2254

The Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition, 2253

Revised Version of the New Testament (RVNT), 2252–53

revisionism, historical, 317

revolts, 474–81; see also Maccabean revolt; rebellion

First Jewish, 2203, 2279, 2301

Second Jewish, 2301

rhetorical criticism, 2280

Riblah, 1136

riddle, 385–86, 762

Rift Valley, 2288

righteous, the, 812–13, 1056, 1079, 1273, 1538, 1773, 1847; see also righteousness

after death, 1726–27

salvation of, 1462–64, 2183

righteousness, 746, 763, 802, 876, 1011, 1093, 1196, 1258, 1414, 1545, 1815, 2068, 2096, 2136, 2167

of Abraham, 32, 36, 1463, 2017–18

death and, 769–70

faith and, 2017, 2026–27

generation of, 1199–1200

of God, 2012–14, 2017

immortality for, 1450

of kings, 1021–22

love of, 1451–52

sin and, 1420, 2016–17

suffering and, 1023

of Tobit, 1388–89

wealth from, 1395

wickedness compared to, 918, 938, 1054, 1066, 1068, 1342, 1730–31

wisdom and, 809

right hand, 845, 1656, 2092

ritual bath (mikveh), 168

Ritual Decalogue, 133

ritual impurity, 577–78, 712

ritual lamps, 180

ritual objects, 1628

ritual offense, 427

ritual performance, 152

ritual purity, 144, 1081

rituals, 97, 155, 180, 323, 427, 1016, 1065, 1291, 2105–6, 2278, 2283

Aaron sons’ illicit, 155, 157–58

fasting in, 1363–64

Gilgal and, 329–30, 1286

rock, 107, 861, 897, 1316, 1806, 2049

Rogers, John, 2251–52

Roman Catholic Church, 111, 1379–81, 2237, 2239, 2253

Roman citizenship, 1988

Roman Empire, 1736, 1738, 2176, 2300–2302; see also Greco‐Roman biographies

Roman period, 2300–2306

Romans, 1649, 1957, 1987

Romans, Letter of Paul to, 1385, 2011–34

Rome, 1602–3, 1614, 1619–20, 1990–91, 2011, 2224–26

as Babylon, 1707, 1714, 1746, 2173, 2179, 2221

Paul to, 2001–7

Rosetta Stone, 2276

Rosh Hashanah, 179, 234–35

royal estates, 620, 656

royal psalms, 794–95, 840–41, 875–76, 890–91

RSV. See Revised Standard Version

Ruth, Book of, 288, 318, 360, 397–403

RVNT. See Revised Version of the New Testament

S

sabbath, 3, 13, 121, 135, 170, 178, 214, 260, 673, 708, 1058, 1657, 1958, 2263–64

commandment of, 112, 1102

covenant of, 129, 1055

healing on, 1799, 1834, 1875–76, 1878, 1895–96, 1927–28, 1935

hymn for, 859–960

for land, 181–82

manna and, 106–7

violation of, 713, 1201–2

sabbatical year, 181–82, 304, 1599; see also jubilee year

sackcloth, 1422, 1557, 1631, 2217

sacred donations, 177, 557–58

sacred trees, 29, 59–60, 371–72

sacred vessels, 388, 677, 1259–60, 1355, 1635, 1665, 2222–23, 2299

sacrifice, 3, 22, 144–45, 708, 1057, 1085, 1568, 1585, 2102, 2158, 2260, 2305; see also priests; Temple of Solomon

altar for, 294, 410, 1234–35

of animals, 20–21, 125–26, 178, 219, 276, 414, 1232

blood in, 146, 149

of children, 116, 172, 272, 871, 1056, 1085, 1202, 1231

death as, 1760, 2102

human, 41–42, 544, 563, 573

Levites and, 1239–40

money for, 1630–31

of nazirites, 198–99

new moon, 234–35

secular, 271–72

slaughter related to, 170–71

times for, 233–35

worship and, 1524–25

sacrificial kitchens, 1243

sacrificial slaughter, 171

sacristy chambers, 1236–37

Sadducees, 1782, 1806, 1853–54, 1907, 1924, 1999

sages, 1491

saints, 2116, 2221

salt, 147, 218, 379, 641, 1147, 1788, 1898

salvation, 85, 802–3, 1351–52, 1354, 1732, 1869, 1896, 2013, 2029, 2127, 2149, 2174, 2259

adversity after, 815–16

love related to, 2192–93

of Northern Kingdom, 1366

resurrection and, 1958, 2019, 2170–71

of righteous, 1462–64, 2183

sinners and, 1724–25

time for, 2030–31

wealth and, 1903–4

Samaria, 522, 533, 565–66, 696, 698, 1196, 1326, 1388, 1970, 2288, 2294; see also Northern Kingdom

Assyria in, 680–81

fall of, 539, 567, 1329

siege of, 549–50

Samaritans, 713, 1637, 1796, 1887–90, 1925–27, 2301

Samson, 369, 383–88

Samuel, 359, 384, 406–7, 411, 418, 421, 423, 430, 443, 671, 1542, 1689

Davidic dynasty in, 498–500, 518

Deuteronomistic History and, 316–17, 405, 463

as judge, 415–16, 418

Samuel, Books of, 318, 405–51, 453–92

sanctify, 430, 2020–21

sanctuary (holy place), 104–5, 184, 189, 191, 577, 667–68, 842, 1101, 1177, 1183, 1190, 2217; see also holy of holies; Temple of Solomon

laws about approach to, 217–18

in Temple of Solomon, 1084, 1203

Sanhedrin, 1823–24, 1948, 1963–64, 1999, 2301

Sarah (Sarai), 11, 27, 29, 33–36, 39, 63, 1052, 2085

Sargon II, 1007

Satan, 736, 1807, 1835, 1889, 1891, 1941, 2064, 2115, 2208, 2227, 2265; see also devil; snakes

satraps, 1667

Saul, 334, 372, 407, 416, 418–22, 455, 485, 604, 718, 2293

David and, 425, 430–38, 440–49, 454

death of, 449–50, 454, 599–600

kingship of, 423–29

Saul of Tarsus. See Paul

de Saussure, Ferdinand, 2281

saviors, 707, 1966

Sa˓adya, 2266

scapegoat, 169–70

scepter, 229, 888

scoffers, 908, 922

scouts, 209–11, 251–52, 326–27

scribe(s), 1086, 1249, 1530–31, 1782, 1803, 1816, 1831, 1854, 1877, 1933, 2010; see also Eleazar; Pharisees

scriptures, 1381, 1657, 1661, 1754–55. See Bible; New Testament; Septuagint; Torah

in Christian polemic, 2260–61

Christian practice and, 2259–60

Christological reading of, 2258–59

revelation of, 1743–44

scrolls, 945, 961, 1131–32, 1361, 1874–75, 2240, 2242; see also Dead Sea Scrolls

scroll tradition, 1131–32

Scythians, 1635, 1704, 1764

sea, 877–78, 916, 1007, 1715, 1740; see also Dead Sea Scrolls; Red Sea

Song of the, 103–5, 997

sea‐crossing story, 1837, 1841, 1845

seals, 1530, 2212–14, 2216, 2230

Sea of Reeds (yam suf), 102; see also Red Sea

Sea Peoples, 2293

seclusion, 1180

Second Coming of Christ, 2130, 2134, 2141, 2181–85

Second Esdras. See Esdras, Second

Second Isaiah, 973, 977, 1026, 1031–53, 1146, 2260, 2296; see also Isaiah

Second Jewish Revolt, 2301

Second Maccabees. See Maccabees, Second (Book of)

Second Temple. See Temple, Second

Second Temple period, 397, 1405, 1573, 2203

Second Zechariah, 974–75

secret, of identity, 1438–39

secret book, 1739, 1743

secular sacrifice, 271–72

Seleucids, 1270–71, 1382, 1479, 1582, 1602, 1618, 1757, 2299

Seleucus I Nicator, 1583

Seleucus IV, 1630–32

self‐abasement, 2108–9

self‐confidence, 1079–80

self‐control, 1503–4, 1509, 1754–56

self‐emptying, 2101

self‐praise, 1510–11

self‐revelation, 915–17, 2218

self‐sacrifice, 1568

seminal emission, 167

Seneca, 2125

Sennacherib, 318, 571, 659, 665, 1390, 1544

in Isaiah, 1008, 1010, 1026, 1028–29, 1031

senses, 779

sentinels, 1062, 1082, 1285

prophets as, 1180–81, 1222–23, 1285

separation, 191, 202, 244, 712, 753

from God, 757–58, 787, 790, 842–43, 855, 1184, 1452

Sepphoris, 2303

Septuagint (LXX), 135, 143, 308, 316, 945, 1221, 1479, 1559, 1967, 2147, 2151, 2238–39, 2258, 2298; see also Bible; Greek Bible; Old Greek; Wisdom of Solomon

Azariah (Uzziah) in, 1565, 1567

Books of Solomon in, 905

Esther in, 715

James in, 2165

Kings in, 493

literal translation of, 2261–62

MT compared to, 1069, 1143–44

psalms in, 781, 1689

Song of the Three Jews in, 1565, 1567

virgin and, 990

seraphs, 988

Sermon on the Mount, 1788–93

sermons, 1083–84, 1105, 1115–16, 1960–63

Seron, 1590

serpents, 223, 1471–72; see also dragons

servants, 547, 877, 1113, 1304, 1463, 1809, 1850, 2031–32, 2040–41

of God, 853–54, 887, 898

Israel as, 1045–46, 1051

suffering of, 1051–52, 1963, 2106, 2176

servant songs, 1035–36, 1045–46, 1048, 1051

Seth, 18

Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries, 2273–74

seventy elders, 207–8, 1888

sexual abstinence, 288, 438–39, 468, 2212

sexual discharges, 167–68

sexual innuendo, 385–86, 388, 912, 915, 917, 942, 1056, 1105

sexual intercourse, 15, 115, 167, 287, 407, 962, 966, 969, 2116; see also adultery

sexual intimacy, 1278, 1424–25

sexuality, 10, 172, 715, 912–13, 2014, 2044–46, 2286

sexual offenses, 24, 65, 172, 1096, 1395, 1443, 1510, 1588, 2042–44, 2095, 2109; see also incest; rape

Shalmaneser V, 1388

shame, 810, 816, 839, 862, 894, 991, 1103, 1165, 1174, 1487, 1491, 1505, 1535, 2134, 2284

children and, 1507–8

exhortation against, 2159, 2162

honor and, 1427, 1442, 1534–35

resistance and, 1761–62

Shamgar, 367

Shaphan, 1116

sharing, 1945, 1965, 2069; see also communal sharing

Shavuot, 116, 397; see also Pentecost

Sheba, 483–84

Shechem, 58–59, 78, 270, 293–95, 335, 356, 518, 1282, 1547, 1755

Abimelech and, 377–79

national assembly at, 638–39

shekel, 128

Shem, 25, 26–27, 29, 30–31, 403, 586–87

Shema, 262

Shemaiah, 1396–97

Sheol, 64, 104, 307, 408, 742, 768, 787, 878, 987, 1001

Shephelah, 2288

shepherds, 948, 962–63, 1305, 1340, 1367, 1809, 1870, 1953, 1995, 2270

God as, 800–801, 861, 1169, 1224–25, 1937

kings as, 464, 491, 848, 1224

Sheshbazzar, 675, 680, 683, 1109, 1552, 1665, 1673

shibboleth, 383

shields, 1007

Shiloh, 347, 391, 396, 406–9, 848

Shimei, 482, 496, 498, 500

shipwreck, of Paul, 2004–5

Shoah (Holocaust), 1055, 1347

short story. See Ruth, Book of; Susanna

shrines, 117, 388, 419, 1278, 1993; see also high places

Sidonians, 380, 389–90, 1216

siege, 549–50, 1337–38, 1418–20

by Holofernes, 1417–27

of Jerusalem, 567–72, 580, 1008–9, 1026–29, 1134, 1171–72, 1181–82, 1208–9

sign‐acts, 1099–1100, 1102, 1105, 1141

signet, 65, 68, 1356, 1437, 1443

signs, 87–88, 571, 1077, 1717–18, 1863, 1891, 1924, 1927; see also end‐time

of mourning, 458–59, 472, 476, 536, 569, 721, 1028, 1083, 1100, 1123, 1747

signs and wonders, 1844–45, 1965

signs source, 1917–18

Silas, 1984–88

silence, 532, 814, 878, 919, 927, 1036, 1065, 1402, 1438–39, 1521, 1839, 1886, 2214

Silvanus, 2063, 2114, 2173

silver, 274, 1045, 1125

Simeon, 58–59, 70, 78, 360, 362, 590, 644, 1421, 1755, 1871

Simeon (tribe), 348–49

Simeon Peter. See Peter

Simon (captain), 1630–32

Simon, Richard, 2273

Simon II (high priest), 1479–80, 1511, 1545–46, 1693–94

Simon Maccabee, 1524, 1582, 1594, 1606, 1613, 1615–17, 1620, 1622–23

as high priest, 1586, 1619, 1621, 1642

Simon of Cyrene, 1950

Simon the Pharisee, 1881–82

simony, 1972

sin, 490, 813, 824, 1450, 1493, 1518, 1534, 1640, 1708, 1714, 1791, 1808, 2021–22, 2042

atonement and, 1525, 1638

at Baal‐peor, 229–30

Christ and, 2078, 2087

confession of, 1552–53, 1694

death and, 1652, 2167

forgiveness of, 807, 813–14, 1516, 1877

of golden calf, 130–31

hiding of, 1748–49

impurity rules and, 150–51

intentional, 149, 168–70

judgment and, 1112–13

law and, 1506, 2021

of omission, 756–57, 2170

purification offerings and, 148–51

redemption and, 2023–24

repentance and, 1501, 1506, 1685–86

righteousness and, 1420, 2016–17

suffering related to, 742–43, 745–46, 767, 984, 1529

wealth and, 1496–97

Sinai, Mount. See Mount Sinai/Horeb

singers, 592, 617–18, 649, 711–12, 819, 964, 1088, 1359

sinners, 949, 1174, 1492, 1494–95, 1522, 1533, 1724–25, 1833

mercy for, 1685–86, 1728–30

sin offerings, 126, 150–51, 684–85, 2022, 2067

Sirach, Wisdom of Jesus Son of, 906, 1383–85, 1479–80, 1482, 1486–87, 2236, 2245, 2249, 2300

Sisera, 368–71

sisters, 29, 33, 39, 84, 1206–8

skin diseases, 196, 657, 737; see also surface affliction

slander, 885–86, 941, 1517

slaughter, 170–71

slavery, 5, 63–64, 72, 182, 299, 346–47, 699, 1311, 2225, 2255, 2264–65; see also Exodus

Israelites related to, 83–84, 183

Jesus on, 1934–35

manumission, 181, 275–76, 1129, 2043, 2143–45

slaves, 10, 288, 484, 505, 544, 700, 707, 1129, 1419, 1591, 1820, 1880, 2096, 2110, 2177, 2255

circumcision of, 100

in early Christian community, 2129, 2143–44

freedom of, 275–76, 2045, 2264–65

in households, 1523–24

Onesimus as, 2143–45

rights of, 113, 766, 2176

sleep, 1018, 1442, 1699, 1938

sling, 433–34, 444

smell, 964–66, 1295

smelting judgment, 1205–6

smoke, 146, 964–65, 985, 1020

Smyrna, 2207

snakes, 15–16, 567, 1145, 1863, 2006; see also dragons; serpents

social anthropologists, 2283

social class, 2303–4

social harmony, 289–90

social justice, 2166–67, 2294

social‐scientific criticism, 2282–84

society, 1479–80, 2052–53, 2283

sociology, 2277–78

Socrates, 1638–39, 1760, 1964, 1989, 2150, 2306

Sodom, 391–92, 1172, 1196, 1319–20

Gomorrah and, 30, 36–37, 307, 981, 1306, 1350

solar eclipse, 1311

Solomon, 460, 470, 499, 508, 609, 634, 636–37, 666, 945–47, 2293–94

becoming king, 495–97, 622–23, 625

in Chronicles, 622–23

ending reign of, 516–18

genealogy of, 588–89

God with, 513–14, 517, 626

marriages of, 500, 516–17, 713, 964, 1142, 1543

prayer of, petitions in, 631–33, 643, 648

Proverbs of, 733, 905–6, 918–32, 935–41

Song of, 730–31, 733, 961–70, 2238, 2262

Temple of (See Temple of Solomon)

wisdom of, 500–502, 504, 626, 916, 1458–62 (see also Wisdom of Solomon)

Song of Deborah, 359, 369–71

Song of Hannah, 407–8

Song of Miriam, 103–5

Song of Moses, 303, 305–8, 1626

Song of Solomon, 730–31, 733, 961–70, 2238, 2262

Song of the Bow, 455

Song of the Sea, 103–5, 997

Song of the Three Jews, 1384, 1428, 1565, 1567

songs, 986, 1035–36, 1045–46, 1048, 1051, 1703, 1769

Son of David, 1795, 1800, 1851

Son of God, 1740, 1804, 1825, 1834, 1912

Son of Man (Jesus), 1794, 1797, 1819, 1833, 1846, 1877, 1902, 1908, 1922, 2206

sons, 888–89, 1519

sorceresses, 1192

soul, 1453–54, 1461–62, 1726, 2056, 2212–13; see also immortality

source criticism, 2274–76

southern campaign, 335–37

Southern Kingdom, 494, 584, 846, 977, 980, 1665; see also Judah

sovereignty, 982, 1024, 1031, 1116–19

of God, 925, 980, 1250, 1365–66, 1729

sower, parable of, 1801, 1836, 1882–83

Spartans, 1614–15, 1619–20

speaking in tongues, 1976, 2052–55

speech, 921, 925–26, 939, 1023, 1071, 1180, 1326, 1503, 1509, 1515, 1528, 1713, 2168, 2264

disharmony from, 1516–17

of fools, 2072–73

messenger, 971–72

against nations, 1300–1301

shame and, 1487, 1505

in Sirach, 1486–87

speechlessness, 1181, 1209–10, 1223, 1867, 1869, 1896

spies, 69–70, 209–11, 251–52, 476, 478, 871; see also scouts

Spinoza, Benedict (Baruch), 4, 2266, 2273

Spirit, 1871, 1916, 1986, 2022–23, 2052, 2065, 2071, 2082; see also Holy Spirit

spirit(s), 447–48, 603, 925, 1362, 1879, 2013, 2084, 2108, 2192, 2205–6

of Christ, 2077–78, 2177

of God, 384–85, 996, 1179, 1257, 1355

sports, 2103

staff, 107, 217

stars, 229, 251, 744, 1044, 1784

steadfastness, 1766–68, 2121, 2136

Stephanas, 2058–59

Stephen, 1967–68, 1970

stereotypes, 716

Sternberg, Meir, 2280–81

Stoic philosophers, 1754, 2068, 2070–71, 2103–4, 2306

Stoics, 1759, 1989–90

stones, 124, 328, 480, 543, 774, 880, 1215, 1815, 2093, 2276; see also rock

foundation, 1016, 1360, 1673–74

stoning, 273, 1208, 1983

storm god, battles of, against Sea, 167, 795, 801, 805, 867

storms, 110, 804, 860, 862, 1111, 1321, 1472, 1537, 1794

strange woman, 912, 914–15, 933, 937

strength, 830, 852–53, 1454

structuralism, 2281

submission, 1486, 2030, 2139–41

Succession Narrative, 453

Succoth, 58; see also Sukkot, festival of

Suetonius, 2011

suffering, 265, 889, 896, 934, 1048, 1346, 1847, 1855–56, 2023, 2120, 2133–34, 2177, 2178, 2259; see also Job, Book of

compassion for, 858, 1122

death and, 740–41

in early Christian church, 2173–74

as education, 772–73

of Jerusalem, 980–81

of Job, 737–38

justice of, 814–15

in Lamentations, 1163–64

for prophecies, 1859

righteousness and, 1023

of servants, 1051–52, 1963, 2106, 2176

shame and, 2134

sin related to, 742–43, 745–46, 767, 984, 1529

suicide, 479, 526–27, 599, 1393, 1771

Sukkot, festival of, 117, 513, 602, 997, 1039, 1370, 1931, 2254–55, 2264

Sumerian laments, 1163

sun, 797, 1145–46, 1187

superscription, in letters, 2010

surface afflictions, 162–66

surrender, 969–70

surveyor, 1359

Susanna, 1383, 1573–76

Swiss‐German Bible, 1381

sword, 470, 1204–5

symbolic numbers. see numbers, symbolic

symbolism, 15–16, 1088, 1145, 1176, 1290, 1895, 1925, 2205–7

clothing related to, 442, 467, 2066, 2109

synagogues, 1695, 1795–96, 1874–75, 1919, 1936, 2207, 2305

syncretism, religious, 566, 574, 680–81, 1141–43

Synod of Laodicea, 2241

Synoptic Gospels, 1778–79, 1917, 1939, 2275–76

Syria, 1151, 1595–96, 2079, 2290

Syriac, 2244, 2246

Syro‐Ephraimite War, Isaiah and, 977, 988–89, 991, 993–95, 1002–3

T

tabernacle, 3, 119, 123, 136, 188, 199, 202, 206, 327–29, 394, 2155–56; see also ark of the covenant; sanctuary

cherubim on, 120–22, 202, 1569

Tabernacles, festival of. See Sukkot, festival of

table‐fellowship, 2081

table manners, 1520–21

Tahpanhes, Egypt, 1140–43

talents, 1631, 1679

Tamar, 65, 402, 471–72, 587

tambourine, 105, 1428

Tanakh, A New Translation of the Holy Scriptures According to the Traditional Hebrew Text, 2253

Targum Onqelos, 2261–62

Targums, 2247, 2261–62

Tatian, 2268

Taverner, Richard, 2251–52

tax collectors, 1790, 1833, 1877, 1903, 1904

taxes, 686, 699, 708, 1607, 1612, 1644, 1678, 1695, 1808, 1815–16, 1853, 1906–7, 2302; see also tithes

teachers, 917, 947, 2257; see also false teaching

Temple, 283, 708, 803–4, 817, 825, 1233, 1461, 1546, 1569, 1808, 1812, 1814, 1906

access to, 786–87, 831–33

God in, 811, 1365, 1527

Temple, Second, 682, 686, 708, 1353–54, 1427, 1605–6, 1637, 1819, 1962, 1997, 2301

altar in, 1627–28, 1673

citadel of, 1584, 1593, 1658

construction of, 669, 680–84, 1066

dedication of, 684–85, 703, 1594

desecration of, by Antiochus IV, 1249, 1268, 1582, 1585, 1593–94, 1635–36, 1692–93

destruction of, 1568, 1855–56, 1908, 2147

first public Torah reading in, 703–4

rebuilding of, 1357, 1364, 1608, 1665–66, 1673–76, 1677, 1683, 2296

rebuilt by Herod the Great, 1818, 1851, 1855, 1924, 1937–38

rededication of, 711–12, 1355–56, 1360–61, 1627, 1645

Temple of Solomon, 464, 500, 580, 610, 626, 1067, 1354, 1735–36, 2291, 2294, 2298

ark of the covenant and, 507, 630, 670, 1028, 1076, 1167

David and, 504, 506, 511, 614–15, 617–19, 621–22

dedication of, 510–13, 631–34

description of, 505–7, 627–29

destruction of, 842–43, 848–49, 1064, 1160, 1163, 1167

furnishings of, 508–10, 561, 581, 629–30, 672

God in, 633–34, 1166, 1237

ordinances for, 1239–40

pollution in, 1186–87

rebuilding of, under Cyrus, 675, 679–80, 1353, 1675–76

renovation of, 653–54, 660

restoration finances for, 669, 679, 683–84

restoration of, 1232–39

sanctuary in, 1084, 1203

worship in, 615–16, 653, 661, 1238–39

Temple sermons, 1083–84, 1105, 1115–16

temptations, 1786–87, 1808, 1874, 1900, 2166

Ten Commandments, 3, 110–11, 118; see also Decalogue

Ten Lost Tribes, 1741

tent of meeting, 129, 132, 138, 145

Terah, 26–27

teraphim, 1366

Tertius, 2034

Tertullian, 2147, 2199, 2268

testimony, 2205, 2231

testing of Israel in the wilderness, 105–7

Tetrateuch, 321

textual criticism, 2241–45

thanksgiving, 794–95, 992–93, 1013, 1030, 1547, 2012, 2037, 2089–92, 2119–21; see also psalms

thanksgiving offering, 154

thanksgiving psalm, 1428–29

theft, 799, 1032, 1074, 2209

theodicy, 1374–75, 1481

Theodore of Mopsuestia, 2269

Theodotion, 1577, 2245

theology, 974, 1414, 2284–85

theophanies, 110, 117–18, 257, 1068, 1293–95, 1374, 1926, 1959

with Moses, 82, 86–88, 109, 117

Theophilus, 1867, 1958, 2000

Thessalonians, First Letter of Paul to, 2009, 2113–18

Thessalonians, Second Letter of Paul to, 2009, 2119–22

Thessalonica, 1988, 2104, 2113

Third Isaiah, 977, 1053–68; see also Isaiah

Third Maccabees. See Maccabees, Third (Book of)

Thirteen Attributes of God, 133

Thomas, 1952

Thomas, The Gospel of, 2279

Thracians, 1652

Three Jews, Song of the. See Song of the Three Jews

threshing, 440, 491, 1301

threshold, 1242–43, 1312

throne, 515–16, 636–37, 1076, 1263–64, 2208

throne‐chariot vision, 1178–79, 1186, 1188

Thummim. See Urim and Thummim

thunder, 415–16, 487, 850, 1090

Tiberias, 2303

Tiglath‐pileser III, 659, 991, 994, 1275, 1299, 1388

Tigris River, 1338, 2287

time, 233–35, 858, 2024, 2030–31, 2044–46, 2065, 2185, 2218; see also end‐time

Timothy, 1646–47, 1649–50, 1986, 2013, 2041, 2058, 2102, 2164

Paul and, 2061–62, 2113–14, 2123, 2125, 2133

Timothy, First Letter of Paul to, 1986, 2125–31

Timothy, Second Letter of Paul to, 1896, 2133–37

tithes, 186, 218, 274, 275, 292–93, 664, 1374–75, 1525

Titus, 1986, 2061, 2079–80, 2123, 2139

Titus, Letter of Paul to, 2139–42

Tobia, 712

Tobit, Book of, 1383–85, 1387–1408, 2249, 2299

toledot (generations, descendants), 9, 300

tombs, 1817–18, 1862, 1892, 1914, 1951–52

Torah (torah), 4, 704, 881, 1501, 1555, 1677, 1751–55, 1758, 1759, 2259; see also Bible; Pentateuch

community of, 1683–1884

as law, 3, 9–10, 686, 929

oral communication and, 2304–5

postexilic community and, 2296–97

wisdom and, 1485, 1511–12, 1554, 1556

The Torah, The Five Books of Moses, 2253

Torah reading, 703–4, 1683, 2254–55

torture. See martyrdom

Tower of Babel. See Babel

trades, 620, 634, 1530–31, 2302–3, 2305

tradition, 248–49, 303, 846–47, 1131–32, 1370, 1779, 1932, 2125, 2245

of elders, 1804–5, 1841, 1843

transfiguration, 1807, 1846–47, 1886–87; see also Jesus; theophanies

transformation, 1477, 1689, 1708

transgression, 13, 1179–80

Transjordan, 79, 104, 223–24, 252–53, 353–54, 354–55, 1650, 1652, 2289

land distribution in, 238–40, 342–43

Transjordan tribes, 255, 353–54, 591–92

translations, 1707, 2242–43, 2246, 2250–54, 2261–62

treaties, 248, 269–70, 272, 295–97, 300, 336, 356, 485, 534, 1016

tree(s), 14, 378, 544, 784, 860, 982, 995–96, 1054, 1074, 1233, 1280, 1290, 2028

cedar, 504–5, 508, 637, 983, 1032–33, 1060, 1219–20, 1344

cosmic, 1198, 1219

dream of, 1257–58

fig, 1300, 1812, 1814, 1852, 1895

kings and, 1000, 1029

of life, 910, 1482–83, 2230

olive, 1360–61

sacred, 29, 59–60, 371–72

in Susanna, 1575–76

trial, 1574–76

of Jesus, 1815–16, 1853–54, 1859–60

tribes, 199–200, 294–95, 322, 343–44, 1151–52, 1388, 1741, 2292

Transjordan, 255, 353–54, 591–92

tribute, 909, 1584, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1618, 1642

tricksters, 52, 402, 1421–25

Trinitarian controversy, 2267

trumpets, 110, 204, 374, 2214–18

trust, 110, 785–86, 791, 825, 827–28, 841–42, 896, 929, 1343, 1346, 1820, 1847

alliances compared to, 1019–20, 1031, 1073, 1206–7

in God, 791–92, 800–801, 818–19, 832, 890, 1483–84, 2154

psalms of, 791–92, 800–801, 803–4, 811, 825–26, 832, 859

truth, 301, 921, 941, 948, 959, 1320, 1424, 1669, 2136, 2193

false teaching compared to, 2125–26, 2128, 2130–31, 2135, 2184

Trypho, 1612–13, 1615–17, 1622–23

twelve, commissioning of the, 1796, 1885

twelve‐stone memorial, 328

Tychicus, 2097

Tyndale, William, 2251–52

typology, 323, 2260, 2269–70

Tyre, 1010, 1211–14, 1217, 1633

Hiram of, 504–5, 508–9, 514, 626–27

U

uncertainty, 957

uncircumcised, 426, 450, 455, 599, 1215, 1969

underworld, 1221–22, 1231

unfaithfulness, 597–99, 604, 640–41, 645, 647, 1072, 1075–76, 1195, 1277, 1279, 1281

covenant about, 1202–3

of Jerusalem, 1164–65

of Zedekiah, 1197–98

unfaithful wife allegory, 1194–96, 1275–79

ungodly, 1452–53, 1456

unintentional homicide, 281–82

United Monarchy, 584, 615, 625, 636, 642, 652, 662, 670, 733, 2293–94

unity, 997, 1277, 2092–93, 2102–3

universality, 1714, 1995, 2090

universe, 867–68

Uriah, 1116, 1132

Uriel, 1715–16, 1735

Urim and Thummim, 310, 427–28, 679

Uzziah. See Azariah

v

Valla, Lorenzo, 2271

valley, 1008–9, 2288

Valley Gate, 696

vanity, 946–49, 952–53, 955–56, 958

variants, 2242

Vashti, 717–18, 1434–35

vassals, 668

Vassal Treaty of Esarhaddon (VTE), 272, 295–97, 300

vault, 1312

vegetarianism, 171, 1739

veiling, 1574, 2050–51, 2065

vengeance, 244–45, 473–74, 902–3, 974, 1063, 1157–58, 1336, 2227

verbal offering, 838

Vespasian, 1738–39

vessels, 1117

sacred, 388, 677, 1259–60, 1355, 1635, 1665, 2222–23, 2299

vicarious punishment, 259–60

victories, 797–98, 821–22, 834, 844, 879–80, 1426–29, 2190

for Davidic dynasty, 875–76

of God, 433, 835–37, 863

of Judas Maccabeus, 1591–97, 1601–2, 1641–42

over false teaching, 2190–91

vindication, 804, 2213

vindictive psalms, 783–84

vine, 1193–94, 1200–1201, 1286, 1944

vineyard, 535–36, 962, 970, 986–87, 1005, 1015, 1814–15, 1906

violations, 98, 713, 1201–2

of covenants, 332–33, 1091–92, 1097, 1272, 1275, 1285–88

violence, 18, 826–27, 1342–43, 2286; see also rape

virgin daughter, 286–87, 382

virgins, 237, 990, 1164–65, 1292, 1693, 1868, 2045, 2212

virtues, 927, 1460–61, 1752, 1755, 1759, 1767–68, 1772, 2182

virtuous, 1454

visions, 965, 1008–9, 1071, 1228–29, 1263, 1267, 1336, 1721, 1975–76, 1998, 2223–24; see also Ezekiel

of Amos, 1309–13

of chariots, 1178–79, 1186, 1188, 1362

of divine warrior, 1345–46

of Isaiah, 980, 988–89

of Obadiah, 1316–18

in Zechariah, Book of, 1204–5, 1357

Voltaire, 2273

vows, 185–86, 198–99, 236, 289, 382, 384, 475, 831, 879, 930, 1644–45, 1687

bride capture and, 395–96

VTE. See Vassal Treaty of Esarhaddon

Vulgate (Latin New Testament), 2246, 2268

w

warrior, 943; see also divine warrior

water, 92, 107, 197, 345, 489, 509, 741, 799, 991, 1087, 1412, 1418, 1659, 1933, 2217, 2222; see also rains

irrigation, 930, 2287, 2289

for Jerusalem, 990, 1009

Sukkot and, 602, 1039

walking on, 1804, 1930

Way, the, 1973, 2001; see also Dead Sea Scrolls

wealth, 268, 666, 699–700, 822, 1031, 1289, 1305, 1343, 1362, 1520, 1899, 2051, 2294, 2303; see also wealth

bridewealth, 115, 287–88, 435

conspicuous consumption, 1308–9

in Diaspora, 1573

Jesus and, 1849–50

peril of, 265–66

power from, 1490

in Proverbs, 918, 921–23, 927, 931–33

from righteousness, 1395

salvation and, 1903–4

security of, 927

sin and, 1496–97

of sinners, 1494–95

of Solomon, 515–16, 636–37

Wisdom from, 1549

weapons, 425, 445, 470, 480, 860, 1204–5, 2071, 2097

Weber, Max, 2282–83

weddings, 819–20, 1398–1400, 1833–34, 1922

weeds, parable of, 1802

Weeks, festival of. See Shavuot

well, as meeting place, 43, 85

well‐being offerings, 145, 148, 173, 915

Wellhausen, Julius, 2275

“we” passages, 1955, 1957, 1986–87, 1994–96, 2004, 2007

white, significance of, 2208, 2212

whitewashing, 1817–18

whore, 981, 1078–79, 2223–24

whoredom, 553–54

wickedness, 20, 784, 788, 811, 841–42, 1192–93, 1516, 1573–76, 1630, 1714

fate of, 749–50, 752, 754–56, 761, 771–72

punishment of, 792, 843–44, 1499–1500

righteousness compared to, 918, 938, 1054, 1066, 1068, 1342, 1730–31

widow(s), 290–91, 528–29, 924, 981, 1098, 1854, 1855, 1880–81, 1903, 1907, 2129

wife, allegory of unfaithful, 1194–96, 1275–79

wild animals, 1225, 1350–51, 1562

wilderness, 105–7, 344, 531–32, 850–51, 1007, 1038, 1277–78, 1830, 1831–32

wilderness camp, 189, 191, 196

wilderness traditions, 846–47

wilderness wandering, 204–6, 209–11, 240, 242–43, 250–55, 1032

wild vine metaphor, 1193–94

wind, 11, 96, 208, 773, 966, 997, 1155, 1214, 1228, 1362, 1883, 1895, 1959

wine, 717, 962, 1366, 1659, 1668, 1922, 2221–22; see also drunkenness

wine presses, 371

winnow, 929, 1786

wisdom, 474, 762–63, 906–8, 912, 1460–61, 1512, 2065

benefits of, 909–10, 1498–99

of creation, 1481–82

death and, 952–53

folly and, 956–57

God related to, 1451, 1461–62, 1482

of kings, 1110, 1457–58

money and, 953–54

of mothers, 942–43

power and, 931, 1252–53

of Solomon, 500–502, 504, 626, 916, 1458–62

Torah and, 1485, 1511–12, 1554, 1556

Wisdom, 908, 916, 1488, 1548–49, 1551

as personification of woman, 1450, 1458, 1480–81, 1486, 1510–11, 1554–56

wisdom books, 729–33

wisdom literature, 729, 1395; see also Sirach, Wisdom of Jesus Son of; Tobit, Book of

Wisdom of Jesus Son of Sirach. See Sirach, Wisdom of Jesus Son of

Wisdom of Solomon, 1383, 1385, 1449–77

wise men (Magi), 1784–85

wise ones (maskilim), 1249–50, 1272

witnesses, 278–79, 282, 354–55, 754, 758, 1963, 2056, 2183, 2217, 2242

double, 1795, 1859, 1934, 2074

wives, 84, 1512–14, 1527–28, 1680–82, 2096

allegory of unfaithful wife, 1194–96, 1275–79

woes, 1308, 1798, 1879

in Isaiah, 986, 994, 1004–5, 1015–20, 1022–23

woman, 306, 1049–50, 1164, 1805, 1925–27

Wisdom as personification as, 1450, 1458, 1480–81, 1486, 1510–11, 1554–56

Zion as personification as, 1047, 1052–53, 1060, 1120–22, 1330

woman in basket, 1361

woman of substance, 920, 922, 934, 943–44

women, 278, 345, 370–71, 484, 562, 1668; see also adultery; barrenness; daughters; menstruation; widows; wives

as apostles, 2033–34

Canaanite, 1805

chastity of, 1393–94

in Christian community, 1987

cities as, 1043

courage of, 1769–70

at crucifixion, 1950

dance of, 105, 382, 396

as deacons, 2128

demeanor of, 2127, 2135–36

dissension between, 2103

in early Christian church, 2050–51, 2055

Elisha and, 551

female captives, 284–85

feminist biblical hermeneutics, 2285–86

God as, 306

honor and, 1480–81

impurity of, 1561

inheritance of, 3, 214, 231–32, 245–46, 346, 1076

Jerusalem and, 697, 961, 963, 967, 984–85, 1049–50, 1164

Jesus and, 1783, 1805, 1862, 1882, 1925–27, 2033–34

Job and, 737

laws about, 284–85

martyrdom of, 1768–71

Moabite, 229–30

of priestly families, 153

Proverbs related to, 906

punishment of, 16

in Revelation, 2218–19

Samaritan, 1925–27

sexual discharges of, 167–68

shame and, 1491

sisters, 29, 33, 39, 84, 1206–8

subordination of, 2095–96, 2110

at tomb, 1914, 1951–52

Torah and, 704

veiling of, 1574, 2050–51, 2065

violence and, 2286

vows by, 236

as warrior, 943

whores, 981, 1078–79, 2223–24

wisdom as, 912

Zion personification as, 1047, 1052–53, 1060, 1120–22, 1330

Word (Logos), 1920, 2189

words, 4, 901, 951, 1180–81, 1278–79, 1326–27, 1484, 2167

David's last, 488–89, 498

work, 1489, 1530–31, 2115, 2119, 2122, 2141, 2168

world order, 776–77, 1011

world(s), 1011, 1722–23, 1744–45, 2009–10, 2090, 2175, 2276

disciples into, 1946–47, 1952

justice in, 863–64

underworld, 1221–22, 1231

worldview, 909, 918, 946

worship, 112, 117, 353–54, 793, 879, 1187, 1413, 1467, 1524–25, 1546, 1585

of angels, 2108–9

centralization of, 270–72, 630, 633

of emperors, 1993, 2204, 2219–20, 2305

exhortation to, 2152–53

purification of, 270–72

in Temple of Solomon, 615–16, 653, 661, 1238–39

wrath, 855, 858, 919, 1114, 1207–8, 1344, 1349, 1557, 2014–15

of God, 650, 1487, 1589, 2025–26, 2030, 2115, 2213

writing, 108, 682, 1120, 1159, 1263, 1933, 2204–5, 2243, 2247–48, 2274, 2290

on wall, 1259–61

Writings (“Ketubim”), 583, 2253

Wycliffe, John, 1381, 2251

X

Xerxes I. See Ahasuerus

y

Yahweh (YHYH), 462, 1267, 1870, 2292

yam suf (Sea of Reeds), 102; see also Red Sea

Yehud. See Judah

YHWH. See Yahweh

yoke, 1116–18, 1337, 1488, 1549

Yom Kippur. See Day of Atonement; Jonah, Book of

Z

Zacchaeus, 1904

Zadok, 410, 592, 604, 606, 608

Zadokites, 1175, 1186, 1235, 1240

Zarius, 1664

Zealots, 1878

Zebul, 378–79

Zebulun, 349

Zechariah (king), 562

Zechariah (priest), 1867, 1869, 1871

Zechariah (prophet), 654–56, 682, 1818

Zechariah, Book of, 1204–5, 1357–71

Zechariah, Second, 974–75

Zedekiah, 580, 658, 673, 1070, 1106–7, 1117, 1128, 1133–34, 1159, 1190–91, 1197–98

Zelophehad's daughters, 214, 231–32, 245–46, 346

Zephaniah, Book of, 1341, 1347–52

Zerubbabel, 589, 1661, 1667, 1669–70, 1675, 2296

Davidic dynasty in, 1353, 1356, 1360–62, 1662

as leader of returnees, 678–79, 683, 696, 1353–54, 1356, 1363, 1667, 1670, 1672

Zimri, 526–27

Zion, 54, 460, 821–22, 982–83, 1011, 1024, 1025–26, 1031, 1164, 1172, 1734, 1741

Daughter, 981, 985, 1043

as personification as woman, 1047, 1052–53, 1060, 1120–22, 1330

restoration of, 865–66, 1011, 1031–33, 1046–51, 1063

Zion hymns, 820–24, 844, 852–54, 886–88, 891

Zipporah, 208, 229

Zophar, 745–46, 754–55, 759, 760–61